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Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks

Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks. 20 January 2005. Organizational. Class Website www.engineering.uiowa.edu/~ece195/2005/ Class Time and Place. Confusion of Terms. ?. Berkeley Mote. Crossbow. RFID. MAC Protocols. Localization. Tiny-OS. ZigBee. Smart Dust. RSSI.

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Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks

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  1. Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks 20 January 2005

  2. Organizational • Class Website www.engineering.uiowa.edu/~ece195/2005/ • Class Time and Place

  3. Confusion of Terms ? Berkeley Mote Crossbow RFID MAC Protocols Localization Tiny-OS ZigBee Smart Dust RSSI Self-Organizing Networks Tiny-DB Directed Diffusion ISM Band Power Management Rumor Routing

  4. Mote • “Tiny piece of anything” • Low-power (RF) transceiver • Microcontroller • Operating system Crossbow mote with battery

  5. Mote • Transceiver 400 MHz and up • Line-of-sight • Short range • Unlicensed operation • Microcontroller • ATmega 128 - 16 MHz, 128KB Flash, 4 KB RAM • Low power, sleep modes • TinyOS • Makes programming much, much easier

  6. Operating Systems • MSDOS, Windows, Linux, TinyOS • NOT the interface, but • The program that manages all other software and the hardware resources • Provide services to other programs “applications” (encapsulate common tasks) For example, a simple task such as writing a few bytes to a disk without an OS is a significant task • Isolate programmer from hardware

  7. Antenna Interface electronics, radio and microcontroller Soil moisture probe Mote Communications barrier Sensor Network Server Sensor field Gateway Internet

  8. Sensor Network Server Watershed Sensor field Gateway Internet

  9. How Did We Get Here? • Advances wireless technology • MEMS, VLSI • Bandwidth explosion • Changes in regulation • Cultural changes • Wireless devices are everywhere and people are receptive to new applications • The concept of networks are ingrained in culture • Open source • Computer Science • Operating system theory, network theory • Inexpensive compilers

  10. Wireless Revolution Boston central telephone station at 40 Pearl Street after the blizzard of 1881

  11. TI REGENCY TR-1, 1955, $450 (today) 1st Transistor, 1947 Sony TR-610, 1958 Today ~$5 Integrated Circuit, 1963 1st Integrated Circuit, ~1958 Wireless Revolution

  12. Size reduction of cellular telephones Wireless Revolution

  13. Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) ~ 1mm

  14. Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) ~ 1mm

  15. Small Sensors Sensor uses electrochemical and photonic properties to perform bioanalysis ~ 5 mm

  16. RF MEMS Conventional LC Filters - Qs of 100-200, significant board space MEMS Filters: Qs of 98,000 in vacuum, very small

  17. Transceiver

  18. Computer Revolution Original IBM PC (1981) MICAZ Mote (2005) 4.77 MHz 4 MHz 16-256 KB RAM 128 KB RAM 160 KB Floppies 512 KB Flash ~ $6K (today) ~ $35 ~ 64 W ~14 mW 25 lb, 19.5 x 5.5 x 16 inch 0.5 oz, 2.25 x 1.25 x 0.25 inch

  19. + Sensor Network Server Gateway Internet

  20. Next Time: Telemetry vs. Sensor Networks

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