New York, NY June 11-13, 2012

1. EGM on the Revision of ICATUS Session 3: ICATUS and the classification of productive activities outside the SNA production boundary (Unpaid work activities) CommentsoftheBrazilianInstituteofGeographyandStatistics (IBGE) Lara Gama Cavalcanti New York, NY June 11-13, 2012 1 1 1

2. Unpaid work activities – Housework ICATUS 2012 is keeping the same structure of ICATUS 2005 for this division:

3. Unpaid work activities – Housework Maindifficultyfound in thepilotBrazilian Time Use Survey 2009: Distinctionbetweenhouseworkandhouseholdproduction as SNA work, especiallyinsidethe 3 divisionsbelow: 2 Unpaid domestic services for own final use within household 21 Food management 22 Cleaning and upkeep of dwelling and surroundings 23 Do-it-yourself decoration, maintenance and small repair 24 Care of textiles and footwear 25 Household management 26 Pet care 27 Shopping 28 Travel related to unpaid domestic services for own final use within household 2x Other activities related to unpaid domestic services for own final use within household (n.e.c)

4. Unpaid work activities – Housework Example 1: 2 Unpaid domestic services for own final use within household (Housework) 21 Food management 211 Preparing meals/snack X 1 Paid work (SNA work) 13 Work for household in non-primary production activities 131 Processing of food products 132 Making of other food products and beverages (when for own final use)

5. Unpaid work activities – Housework • What’s the frontier between these two groups? • What are the criteria for differentiation, to make it clear for the interviewers? • Criterion currently adopted by the Brazilian Continuous National Household Survey: durability of the food products. • Is that enough? • Should we consider: • the amount of work and effort put in the production? • the type of output – are they, in general, ingredients for preparing other foods? Or is it not always the case? • Guideline proposed by ICATUS 2012 for Division 13: use of the ISIC (International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities) Revision 3.1

6. Unpaid work activities – Housework

7. Unpaid work activities – Housework ISIC Revision 4 (2008): Section: C- Manufacturing Division: 10 - Manufacture of food products Groups: 101 - Processing and preserving of meat 102 - Processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and molluscs 103 - Processing and preserving of fruit and vegetables 104 - Manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats 105 - Manufacture of dairy products 106 - Manufacture of grain mill products, starches and starch products 107 - Manufacture of other food products 108 - Manufacture of prepared animal feeds

8. Unpaid work activities – Housework • What do we really get from the diaries? • Cooking • Preparing food • Preparing meal • Preparing lunch, dinner or snack • It would be necessary to identify the type of food produced, to be able to place the activity into the right category.

9. Unpaid work activities – Housework Example 2: 2 Unpaid domestic services for own final use within household (Housework) 22 Cleaning and upkeep of dwelling and surroundings 225 Heating and water supply X 1 Paid work (SNA work) 12 Work for household in primary production activities 127 Collecting water (Includes: activities related to collecting, storing and distributing water) (when for own final use)

10. Unpaid work activities – Housework What’sthefrontierbetweenthesetwogroups? Criterion currently adopted by the Brazilian Continuous National Household Survey: if you’re extracting water from the nature, it’s SNA work. If you’re bringing water from a well, or other source inside your property, it’s housework. But what if… You collect water from a river or fountain inside your property? You have to walk long distances to get water from a tanker car?

11. Unpaid work activities – Housework • What do we really get from the diaries? • Collecting water • Carrying water • Bringing water to the house • Getting water • It would be necessary to know where this water is being collected, • to be able to place the activity into the right category.

12. Unpaid work activities – Housework Example 3: 2 Unpaid domestic services for own final use within household 23 Do-it-yourself decoration, maintenance and small repair (Includes: painting, plastering, minor repairs to ceiling, floor, walls, roof; paving of driveway, carpentry work, plumbing, wiring) X 1 Paid work 14 Work for household in construction activities 141 Construction and repair for own capital formation (Includes: building of own house, additions to, remodeling and major repairs done to the house, garage or roof, etc.) (when for own capital formation)

13. Unpaid work activities – Housework What is the frontier between the two groups? Criterion currently adopted by the Brazilian Continuous National Household Survey : when you build something that didn’t exist before in the house, and you’re adding value to it, it’s SNA work. But what if… You have just finished building your house and you’re painting it? How to distinguish between minor and major repairs?

14. Unpaid work activities – Housework Example 4: 2 Unpaid domestic services for own final use within household 24 Care of textiles and footwear 245 Mending/repairingandcareofclothes X 1 Paid work 13 Work for household in non-primary production activities Making textiles, waring apparel, leather and associate products (when for own final use)

15. Unpaid work activities – Housework • What do we really get from the diaries? • Sewing • Embroidering • Knitting • We would have to know what exactly people are doing with the clothes, • to be able to place the activity into the right category. • This would mean that the interviewers would have to understand coding • in detail, to be able to ask the right questions. Or can we solve these • differentiations with context variables only?

16. Unpaid work activities – Caregiving

17. Unpaid work activities – Caregiving • In Brazil, wehavetwosourcesofinformation for caregivingactivities: • 1 – ContinuousNationalHouseholdSurvey • Stylizedquestions – Didyoucare for children/adultsofthehousehold in • the (reference) week? Howmany hours didyouspendonthisactivity? • Caregivingisanestimationof total time spent in a week • Probablyoverestimatedorroughlyestimated(general answer: “I spend • 24 hours onthisactivity”) • 2 – Time Use Survey • 24-hour diary • Care as a secondaryactivityprobablyunderreported • Caregivingisthenprobablyunderestimated

18. Unpaid work activities – Caregiving • Key group for solvingunderestimation: • 31 Childcare • 314 Mindingchildren (passive care) • (Includes: caring for childrenwithouttheactiveinvolvementimplied in 311; • monitoringchildrenplayingoutsideorsleeping, preserving a safe environment; beinganadultpresence for childrentoturnto in need; supervising games) Hard to define what is “monitoring children” and “being an adult presence for children to turn to in need”. Do we include… All the time when you’re at home with the child but not really looking at them? Time when you’re not the only adult present with the child? Time spent checking a baby monitor several times during night sleep?

19. Unpaid work activities – Caregiving Recommendations of Canada’s General Social Survey Unpaid Work Module: INTERVIEWER: Include: - time when the respondent was doing another activity while looking after the children; - time when looking after the children was shared with someone else; • time when the child was having a nap. Exclude: - time the child spent sleeping during the night; - time the child spent at school, at a friend's or in organized activities.

20. Unpaid work activities – Caregiving Adultcare: 32 Caretodependentadults X 33 Careto non-dependentadults Dependentadults: peoplewhosufferanyphysicalor mental illnessorany disabilityorimpairment Whatisthedefinitionof non-dependentadults? Whatkindofactivities do weexpectto capture underthisgroup? In theBraziliansurveys, we capture careonly for dependentortemporarilysickadults. In termsofpublicpolicy, is it meaningfultomeasurecareto non-dependentadults? Is it usefultodistinguishcaretosick, disabledandtheelderly?

21. Unpaid work activities – Volunteer work • Volunteerworkisseldomspontaneouslydeclared; theconceptisnot • veryclear for bothinterviewersandrespondents. Raredeclarationslike “doingvolunteerwork”. • Volunteerworkmaybehiddenbehindactivitiessuch as “goingtothechurch”, “goingtothecommunity center” oreven “visitingneighbours” or “visitingfriends”, ifpeopledon’tsaywhatexactlytheyweredoing in theseplaces. • Howtoencouragepeopletoreportvolunteerwork? Whatkindofcontextvariablescouldwe use for that?

22. Thank you!