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Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering

Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering. Yingxiao Wang. Beckman 4261 x36727 yingxiao@uiuc.edu . http://imaging.bioen.uiuc.edu/yingxiao_wang/classes.htm. Objective.

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Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering

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  1. Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering Yingxiao Wang Beckman 4261 x36727 yingxiao@uiuc.edu http://imaging.bioen.uiuc.edu/yingxiao_wang/classes.htm

  2. Objective To introduce the cutting-edge engineering technologies applied in the molecular and cellular biology research, i.e. how can the properties of genes, molecules, and cells be monitored, measured, manipulated, and modeled to advance our understanding of the complex biological system.

  3. Introduction • Cells • Genomes • Genomes Control Cellular Functions • Molecules • Reactions between Molecules

  4. Cells and Genomes

  5. Cells Determine the Whole Multi-cellular Organism

  6. Cells are dictated by linear information stored in DNA Units and Assembly

  7. DNA Units and Assembly

  8. DNA Replication

  9. From DNA to Protein

  10. Transcription (From DNA to RNA)

  11. The Conformation of RNA Hepatitis Delta Virus

  12. tRNA

  13. Translation (mRNA->Protein)

  14. 3D Structure of Ribosome tRNAs Ribosome mRNA

  15. The Function of Proteins

  16. Gene and Regulatory DNA

  17. Bilayer of amphipathic Lipids Forming Membrane: Plasma Membrane

  18. Plasma Membrane

  19. Summary 1 • DNA (linear information) ->RNA (different forms, linear and 3D) ->Protein (Linear and 3D) • Replication, Transcription, Translation • DNA and RNA, phosphate+sugar+base • DNA, Double Helix, AGTC • RNA, tRNA, mRNA (AGUC), rRNA • RNA and Protein, Various 3D structures • Protein, enzyme, structure supports, regulation of DNAs • Lipids, cell membrane

  20. Gene Alteration (I)

  21. Gene Alteration (II)

  22. Gene Comparison

  23. Cell Types Procaryotes (without nucleus) and Eucaryotes (with nucleus)

  24. An Eucaryotic Cell

  25. Phagocytosis White blood cell engulfing a red blood cell

  26. Mitochondrion Own tRNA, mRNA, ribosome, own circular DNA

  27. Proposed Hypothesis: the Origin of Mitochondria

  28. The Origin of Chloroplasts

  29. Eucaryotic genomes are large and rich in regulatory DNAs, which can sense environmental signals and regulate cellular products and functions Environment and Cellular Functions and Fate

  30. Yeast: the Simplest Eucaryote Cell Model Genome small, cell cycle rapid (almost the same as bacteria)

  31. Microarray Study of Yeast Genome upon Stimulation

  32. Multicellular Animal Model Systems and the Ultimate Goal-Human Beings compartmentalization Cell cycle, apoptosis C-elegan Drosophila Cell cycle short (days), genome simple (single gene controlling one phenotype)

  33. Multicellular Animal Model Systems and the Ultimate Goal-Human Beings Human Beings Mouse

  34. Mutational Genesis to Find Gene Functions in Model Systems Redundancy and overlapping of gene functions (the complexity of model studies)

  35. Summary 2 • Gene Alterations: mutation, duplication, segment shuffling, horizontal transfer • Procaryote (bacteria and Archaea) and Eucaryotes (nucleus) • The structure and development of Eucaryotes (predators) • Large Genome and sophiscated gene regulation (Environment effects on Gene expressions) • Single cell model system: yeast • Multicelullar Model systems: c elegans, drosophila, mouse, human being • Complexity of Gene mutagenesis

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