1 / 10

Organic Compounds: Characteristics and Types

Explore the properties and classifications of organic compounds, including hydrocarbons, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, isomers, and functional groups. Learn about reactions, intermolecular forces, and the diverse applications of organic chemistry.

alunceford
Télécharger la présentation

Organic Compounds: Characteristics and Types

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Characteristics of Organic Compounds 1. Generallynon-polar (generally insoluble in water) 2. Soluble in non-polar solvents (likes dissolve in likes ) 3. Non-electrolytes 4. Reactions generally occur slowly 5. Have low melting points due to weak intermolecular forces 6. Reactions have high activation energy, and therefore lower reactions

  2. Hydrocarbons • Definition - compounds composed of only hydrogen and carbon • Homologous series - group of organic compounds with similar properties and related structures (differ from each other by CH2)

  3. Alkanes • Hydrocarbons with the formula CnH2n+2 (Table Q) • All alkanes end in “ANE”. • Example: methane, ethane, propane • All alkanes have all SINGLE bonds and are saturated hydrocarbons.

  4. Alkyl Group (side chains) • Alkyl structures have one less hydrogen than the corresponding alkane.

  5. Isomers • Organic compounds that have the same molecular formula, but different structural formula. • The more carbons in the structure, the more isomer variations that are possible. Butane 2-methylpropane

  6. Alkenes • Hydrocarbons with the formula CnH2n (Table Q) • All alkenes end in “ENE”. • Example: ethene, propene • All alkenes have at least one DOUBLE bond (C=C) and are considered unsaturated hydrocarbons.

  7. Alkynes • Hydrocarbons with the formula CnH2n-2 (Table Q) • All alkenes end in “YNE”. • Example: ethyne, propyne • All alkynes have at least one TRIPLE bond (CΞC) and are also considered unsaturated hydrocarbons.

  8. Functional Groups(Table R) • Not all organic compounds are hydrocarbons!! • Different functional groups cause compounds to have different physical and chemical properties!!

  9. Functional Groups:Physical Properties Boiling Point/Melting Point • The greater the # of carbons in carbon chain, the higher the boiling point/melting point! • If compounds have the same # of carbons: Highest BP/MPLowest BP/MP *Alcohols Ethers Hydrocarbons *Acids Amines Aldehydes Ketones

  10. Organic Reactions • Reactions that involve organic compounds. • There are seven (7) reactions we will discuss: • Substitution (alkane) • Addition (alkene/alkyn) • Combustion (carbon comp. + O2 H2O + CO2) • Fermentation • Esterfication (organic acid + alcohol) • Saponification (opp. of esterfication – soap) • Polymerization (many small  1 big)

More Related