Who was who in the Revolution

1. Who was who in the Revolution? Loyalists: Those who remained loyal to the crown. Government officials, devout Anglicans, merchants dependent on trade with England, many religious & ethnic minorities who feared persecution at the hands of the rebels Patriots: Those who wanted to revolt against the British crown White, Protestant property holders and gentry Urban artisans Native Americans: Their fears of American expansion led many of them to join the side of the British Slaves: 5,000 believed that their chances for liberty were better with the British than with the colonists When the Royal Governor of Virginia offered to free those slaves who escaped and joined the British army There was an increase in slave insurrections Everyone else: Hoped the whole thing would blow over Quakers of Pennsylvania were pacifists and wanted to avoid war Although some Indians helped the Patriots, more of them sided with the British, who seemed to present less of a threat than the Americans did. Settlers continued to push westward, threatening the Native Americans� way of life. Mohawk Chief Joseph Brant led a number of brutal attacks against American settlements in southwestern New York and northern Pennsylvania. At the beginning of the war, southern states persuaded Congress to ban African Americans from fighting. Lord Dunmore, the royal governor of Virginia, announced that slaves who fought on the British side would be freed, and many men answered his call. As the need for soldiers grew, some states ignored the ban and let African Americans fight.Although some Indians helped the Patriots, more of them sided with the British, who seemed to present less of a threat than the Americans did. Settlers continued to push westward, threatening the Native Americans� way of life. Mohawk Chief Joseph Brant led a number of brutal attacks against American settlements in southwestern New York and northern Pennsylvania. At the beginning of the war, southern states persuaded Congress to ban African Americans from fighting. Lord Dunmore, the royal governor of Virginia, announced that slaves who fought on the British side would be freed, and many men answered his call. As the need for soldiers grew, some states ignored the ban and let African Americans fight.

2. Hardships of the War: Valley Forge Washington sets up camp at Valley Forge, 20 miles to the west of the British. He and his troops endure a winter of terrible suffering, lacking decent food, clothing, and shelter. Photograph of the painting �Washington at Valley Forge�. Reproduction of painting by Edward P. Moran. Photomechanical print by Percy Moran. Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. US Postage Stamp, Washington at Prayer, 1929 Issue, 2cPhotograph of the painting �Washington at Valley Forge�. Reproduction of painting by Edward P. Moran. Photomechanical print by Percy Moran. Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. US Postage Stamp, Washington at Prayer, 1929 Issue, 2c

3. Washington�s greatest challenge at Valley Forge was keeping the Continental Army together. Most of the men lacked blankets, shoes, and shirts Soldiers made moccasins out of scraps of cowhide Many men deserted & some officers resigned Volunteers - including Washington�s wife, Martha - made clothes for the troops and cared for the sick In April 1778, Washington told his troops of the Patriots� alliance with France, raising their spirits greatly. Pictures: A replica of a cabin in which soldiers would have lived at Valley Forge Pictures: A replica of a cabin in which soldiers would have lived at Valley Forge

10. In March 1782, King George III, appointed new ministers who were prepared to give Americans their independence. Ben Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay represented the US in the peace talks in Paris. The talks begin in 1782, and 6 months later the British accepted a preliminary agreement written by the Americans. The American Congress ratifies a preliminary treaty in April 1783. Under the treaty, the United States: (1) agrees that the British merchants can collect debts owed by Americans (2) Congress would �earnestly recommend� to the states that property taken from Loyalists be returned to them. Most of this property was never returned.In March 1782, King George III, appointed new ministers who were prepared to give Americans their independence. Ben Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay represented the US in the peace talks in Paris. The talks begin in 1782, and 6 months later the British accepted a preliminary agreement written by the Americans. The American Congress ratifies a preliminary treaty in April 1783. Under the treaty, the United States: (1) agrees that the British merchants can collect debts owed by Americans (2) Congress would �earnestly recommend� to the states that property taken from Loyalists be returned to them. Most of this property was never returned.

11. This cartoon shows the spirit Americans felt as they fought to throw Britain off their back and out of the colonies TITLE:��The horse America, throwing his master CREATED/PUBLISHED:��Westminster : Pubd. by Wm. White, 1779 Aug. 1.This cartoon shows the spirit Americans felt as they fought to throw Britain off their back and out of the colonies TITLE:��The horse America, throwing his master CREATED/PUBLISHED:��Westminster : Pubd. by Wm. White, 1779 Aug. 1.

12. The American Rattle Snake. This etching by the British satirical artist James Gillray was published in London in April 1782 to mark the opening in Paris of peace negotiations between Great Britain and the United States. Gillray portrays America as a snake coiled around the British army encampments. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.The American Rattle Snake. This etching by the British satirical artist James Gillray was published in London in April 1782 to mark the opening in Paris of peace negotiations between Great Britain and the United States. Gillray portrays America as a snake coiled around the British army encampments. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.