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Anatomical Spatial Relations and Boundaries Explained

Understand the concepts of connected to and attached to in anatomical entities, exploring bona fide vs. fiat boundaries, definitions, and examples. Explore the spatial ontology and phenoscape for detailed insights.

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Anatomical Spatial Relations and Boundaries Explained

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  1. Connected_to and attached_to • Shared boundary between objects • Bona fide vs. fiat - when does it matter?

  2. Connected_to: fiat boundary Example: axon tract connected_to neuropil • FMA definition:Structural anatomical relation which holds between each anatomical structure of type A and some anatomical structure of type B such that each structure shares some part of its bona fide anatomical surface with that of the other. • Barry’s definition (from obo-discuss): x is connected_to y if x and y share a fiat boundary.

  3. Attached_to: bona fide boundary • Examples: • Muscle attached_to bone • Tooth attached_to bone • FMA definition: Connected_to relation which holds between each anatomical entity of type A and some anatomical entity of type B such that there is no bona fide boundary between their contiguous constitutional parts. Sire et al. 1998 Sire et al. 1998

  4. Attached_to: bona fide boundary • Bone + bone attachment • can also be called joint

  5. Bona fide boundary example • Tooth attached_to bone Sire et al. 1998 Sire 2001

  6. Spatial ontology • Overview: top level divisions • Examples of uses • Spatial relations

  7. Spatial ontology: top level divisions • anatomical axis • anatomical axis direction • anatomical compartment • anatomical compartment boundary • anatomical gradient • anatomical region • anatomical section • anatomical surface

  8. Phenoscape need for spatial terms • Occurrences of quality (PATO) terms in 1,040 character descriptions • Sample character: Posterior margin of lateral ethmoid: (0) straight, parallel to anterior edge of orbitosphenoid & abruptly angled at midline; (1) broadly curved in ventral view, forming convex arc.

  9. Phenoscape need for spatial terms • Occurrences of quality (PATO) terms in 1,040 character descriptions

  10. Examples • Spatial terms as anatomical qualifiers: • “anterior margin of supraorbital bone” • BSPO:anterior margin part_of TAO:supraorbital bone • Spatial terms as modifiers for quality terms: • “frontal bone laterally compressed” • E: frontal; • PATO:compressed has_axis BSPO:left/right axis

  11. Spatial relations • anterior_to • distal_to • dorsal_to • posterior_to • proximal_to • surrounding • ventral_to • vicinity_of Spatial relations and PATO spatial relational qualities

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