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Global Health Challenges: Lessons from History and Contemporary Issues

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alvis
17 diapositives · 311 Views · Aug 08, 2014

This overview explores the historical impact of infectious diseases such as the Black Death, Smallpox, and the 1918 Influenza, alongside modern complications in global health due to globalization, drug resistance, and inadequate infrastructure. Notable diseases discussed include malaria, AIDS, and tuberculosis, highlighting their prevalence, social implications, and the moral dilemmas surrounding healthcare funding and policy. The ongoing challenge of combating these diseases, exacerbated by climate change and socio-economic factors, illustrates that public health is a global responsibility.

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  1. International Public Health

  2. Globalization and Disease in history • Black death in 14th century Europe • Smallpox in the Americas • Great Influenza of 1918 • AIDS, etc.

  3. Contemporary Complications in Global Health • Globalization • Humans pushing back jungle frontier • Drug resistance • evolution • antibiotic overuse • compliance issues • failing states, war, and inadequate public health infrastructure

  4. The moral of the story: • we are all in it together

  5. Infectious disease: the big three--malaria • parasite spread by mosquitoes • 500 million cases per year, 1 million die • cases increasing as pesticides and drugs become less effective, global warming expanding range • Bed nets • New vaccine?

  6. Malaria

  7. big three--AIDS • 1/3 population of some countries infected • affects the strong and productive • complicated by gender inequality, ignorance • policies and treatment--Thailand, Uganda, Brazil (vs South Africa, and others)

  8. Life expectancies

  9. Bush Administration on AIDS assistance • 2003 pledged $15 billion over over 5 years • some funding must promote abstinence, not condoms

  10. Ethical questions behind policy • Should dollars go where they can save the most lives? • To prevention, away from treatment?

  11. The big three--tuberculosis • bacteria spread through the air • one-third the world latently infected • 2-3 million die per year--increasing • requires (sometimes enforced) protracted treatment

  12. TB

  13. Financial Realities • 10% of disease research goes to diseases causing 90% of deaths

  14. Avian Flu • will it become transmissible person to person?

  15. Smoking • still kills more people worldwide than AIDS • increased marketing and sales in the 3rd world