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Riverview Heights

Riverview Heights. Darren K. Howard Structural Option. Architectural Engineering Spring Thesis 2005 Advisor: Dr. Ali Memari. Riverview Heights. Darren K. Howard Structural Option. Table of Contents:. 1.0 Project Background 2.0 Problem Statement 3.0 Solution Overview

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Riverview Heights

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  1. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option Architectural Engineering Spring Thesis 2005 Advisor: Dr. Ali Memari

  2. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option Table of Contents: 1.0 Project Background 2.0 Problem Statement 3.0 Solution Overview 4.0 Structural Redesign 5.0 Mechanical Issues 6.0 Acoustical Issues 7.0 Cost Estimates 8.0 Conclusions and Recommendations Acknowledgements Questions

  3. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option 1.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND

  4. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option • 1.0 Project Background: • Conshohocken, Pennsylvania • 4 apartment levels • 2 levels of partially underground parking

  5. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option • 1.1 Apartment Structural Systems: • Bearing Walls: Wood stud walls • Floor: 20” deep, floor trusses • Lateral System: Wood Panel Shear Walls

  6. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option • 1.1 Parking Structural Systems: • Elevated Two-Way concrete slab with drop panels • Top slab is a 11” thick “transfer slab” • “Transfer slab” picks up random bearing wall loads • Concrete columns send loads to spread footings

  7. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option 2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT

  8. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option • 2.0 Problem Statement • Lumber is a renewable, but not unlimited resource • New building materials will eventually become necessary • Alternative materials and methods must be found

  9. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option 3.0 SOLUTION OVERVIEW

  10. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option • 3.0 Solution Overview • Cold-formed steel buildings are growing in popularity • Recyclable material • Not susceptible to termite damage • Will not burn or harbor mold • Will not rot, shrink, warp or split • Prices for cold-formed steel have been more stable than lumber • Construction methods are very similar to wood framing

  11. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option 4.0 STRUCTURAL REDESIGN

  12. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option • 4.0 Structural Redesign • Replace existing bearing walls with cold-formed studs • Replace wood floor trusses with cold-formed joists • Investigate the use of possible lateral systems: • Wood panel shear walls over cold-formed studs • Lateral strap bracing

  13. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option 4.1 BEARING WALLS

  14. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option • 4.1 Bearing Wall Redesign • Existing bearing walls and unit separation walls:

  15. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option • 4.1 Bearing Wall Redesign • Design Considerations: • Replace existing unit separation walls with a single cold-formed stud wall • Set studs at a spacing of 24” o.c. rather than 16” o.c.

  16. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option • 4.1 Bearing Wall Redesign • Redesigned Walls: • Unit separation walls: 6” wide studs @ 24” o.c. • Interior bearing walls: 3-5/8” studs @ 24” o.c. • Gauge of stud varies from floor to floor

  17. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option 4.1 Bearing Wall Redesign Unit Separation Walls

  18. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option 4.1 Bearing Wall Redesign Interior Unit Bearing Walls

  19. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option 4.2 FLOOR SYSTEM

  20. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option • 4.2 Floor System Redesign • Existing Floor: 16’ to 25’ interior spans

  21. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option • 4.2 Floor System Redesign • Design considerations: • Cold-formed steel joists should require less depth • This will add additional floor-to-floor height in units

  22. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option • 4.2 Floor System Redesign • Redesigned Joists: 14j10 Marino/Ware Joists • 14” deep, 10 gauge joists @ 24” o.c. • Allowable p.l.f. = 130 p.l.f. ( d < L/360) • An additional 6” of floor-to-floor height is achieved

  23. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option 4.3 LATERAL RESISTANCE

  24. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option • 4.3 Lateral System Redesign • Existing Lateral System: Wood Shear Panel Walls

  25. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option • 4.3 Lateral System Redesign • Design Considerations:

  26. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option • 4.3.1 Lateral System Redesign • Alternative #1: Wood shear panels over cold-formed studs • Greater strength = fewer shear walls required # of Shear Walls Required

  27. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option • 4.3.2 Lateral System Redesign • Alternative #2: Lateral Strap Bracing

  28. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option • 4.3.2 Lateral System Redesign • Alternative #2: Lateral Strap Bracing • STAAD frame model of tension braces

  29. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option 4.3.2 Lateral System Redesign

  30. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option 5.0 MECHANICAL

  31. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option • 5.0 Mechanical Issue • Major disadvantage of cold-formed steel • Thermal conductivity HOT COLD

  32. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option • 5.0 Mechanical Issue • Add a thermal break between the exterior and interior space • An additional layer of 1” rigid insulation must be installed

  33. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option 5.0 Mechanical Issue

  34. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option 6.0 ACOUSTICS

  35. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option • 6.0 Acoustics • Cold-formed studs have lower acoustical properties • Riverview Heights was designed as an “average” site • Unit separation walls and floors need to meet an STC rating of 52

  36. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option • 6.0 Acoustics • An additional 5/8” of gypsum is required on both sides of walls to meet acoustical requirements • Existing wood floor trusses and the redesigned joists required resilient channels on the ceiling side

  37. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option • 6.0 Acoustics

  38. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option 7.0 COST ESTIMATES

  39. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option • 7.0 Cost Estimates • Estimate of Wood Framing

  40. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option • 7.0 Cost Estimates • Estimate of Cold-Formed Framing

  41. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option • 7.0 Cost Estimates • Cold-Formed Framing Additional Costs

  42. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option • 7.0 Cost Estimates • Total Costs • CF joists are more than twice the cost of wood floor trusses!!

  43. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option • 7.0 Cost Estimates • Total Costs without Floor Systems

  44. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

  45. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option • 8.0 Conclusions and Recommendations • Cold-formed framing is a viable solution if the redesigned floor framing is not included • Cost of the cold-formed floor framing was more than twice the cost of wood trusses • Cold-formed framing used less material in walls and in lateral systems • Using less material translated into lower costs • Promising conclusion as the need for alternative building materials becomes greater in the next century

  46. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option • Acknowledgements • My family and friends • A.E. faculty • Staff of Cates Engineering • Trammel Crow Residential • Minno & Wasko Architects • Marino/Ware • Images courtesy of Marino/Ware, Cates Engineering, and Minno & Wasko Architects

  47. Riverview Heights Darren K. HowardStructural Option Questions?

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