1. Note Taking 1o1

2. Objectives • To learn to take effective yet efficient notes. • You don’t need to write this stuff down but you do need to LISTEN and PAY ATTENTION!!!

3. Questions You Should Ask Yourselves While Taking Notes • 5 W’s • Who • What • When • Where • Why is this Important? • Is this essential information or just a fun fact? • Will this most likely be on the test?

4. Helpful Tips • Use symbols and abbreviations as much as you can!!! • Don’t B scared 2 make ↑ YUR own…long U understand • Try working on writing without looking at the paper. It is a good skill to work on and will come in handy • Don’t write everything out word for word • Takes too long and takes too much energy!

5. Lets Practice!!

6. Rise of Totalitarianism Quick look at rise of Hitler, Stalin, and Emperor Hirohito

7. Words Need to Know • Totalitarianism- government who controls the freedom, will, and thought of its citizens • Does not allow for differing opinions/parties • Leader = dictator

8. Rise of Emperor Hirohito • Emperor of Japan from December 25, 1926- death on January 7, 1989 • Start as monarch and become dictator during WWII • Was in favor of diplomacy rather than war but war council was not(break from tradition) • Problems during early years of being emperor: assassination attempt, coup attempt, financial problems • He agreed to invade Manchuria(part of China) in 1931 and rest of China in 1937 • Broke laws of war prescribed by League of Nations- mistreated Chinese POWs and used chemical weapons • Allied with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy- made Axis Powers

10. War Plan and Objectives • “Our Empire, for the purpose of self-defense and self-preservation, will complete preparations for war ... [and is] ... resolved to go to war with the United States,Great Britain, and the French if necessary. Our Empire will concurrently take all possible diplomatic measures vis-à-vis the United States and Great Britain, and thereby endeavor to obtain our objectives ... In the event that there is no prospect of our demands being met by the first ten days of October through the diplomatic negotiations mentioned above, we will immediately decide to commence hostilities against the United States, Britain and the French” • Objectives: continuing conquest of China and Southeast Asia, no increase in U.S. or U.K. forces in area, and West(Europe and U.S.) to continue to sell Japan goods(no embargo)

11. Move to War • Attacked Pearl Harbor and invaded Malaysia on December 7th, 1941(December 8thin Japan)

12. 5’w of Hirohito • Who: Emperor Hirohito • What: emperor of Japan during WWII • When: 1940s- During WWII; December 7th, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor • Where: Japan; Manchuria/China(invaded) • Why Important: leader of Japan during WWII, agreed to attack on Pearl Harbor  start WWII in Pacific

13. Joseph Stalin

14. Early Life • Born IosebBesarionisdzeJughashviliin 1878 in Georgia • Joined Bolsheviks and became important member in the Caucasus • Sent to Siberia for being member of Bolsheviks  when adopted “Stalin” which • is Russian for “steel” • Became very close to Lenin

15. Stalin and Lenin

16. Stalin vs. Trotsky • Stalin and Leon Trotsky were both part of Lenin’s Politburo(policymaking and governing body of Communist Russia’s government • During Russian Civil War, Stalin would intimidate peasantry and brutally kill those who opposed/deserted his side • Trotsky would openly disagree and criticize Stalin • Appointed General Secretary by Lenin, but Stalin would fall out of favor with Lenin • Lenin would die not wanting Stalin to take over but Stalin would keep this a secret • Able to exile Trotsky after he and his allies lose power in Central Committee(part of Politburo)

18. Stalin Takes Power • Stalin pushed for rapid industrialization and central control of economy • Grain shortage in 1927 pushes Stalin to push for collectivization and taking grain stores from kulaks(wealthy farmers) • Many opposed but need for food forced Politburo to pass • From here on, Stalin would begin his reign of terror by killing off his enemies and terrorizing his own citizens

19. Who: Joseph Stalin, Leon Trotsky • What: Stalin takes over power through killing off/sending opponents to Gulags(work camps) • When: Russian Revolution, WWII • Where: Russia • Why Important: Stalin’s ability to seize power would impact WWII and create basis for Cold War

20. Rise of Adolf Hitler

21. 20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945 in Austria • Thought possible that Hitler did have Jewish ancestry, but most historians today doubt the popular claim • Wanted to be a painter, but was rejected from art school and had little success selling his works • Claims to begin anti-Semitic feelings (dislike of Jews) while in Vienna • Would join WWI fighting for Bavaria (now part of Germany) • 2x decorated for bravery • Would be hospitalized for temporary blindness and would begin his belief that he was destined to save Germany Early Life to WWI

23. After WWI would believe Germany was stabbed-in-the-back (Dolchstoßlegende) by leaders and Marxists at home • Join German Workers Party(DAP)- held many of the same ideals Hitler would later • Party would change its name to National Socialist German Workers Party(NAZI-NationalsozialistischeDeutsche Arbeiterpartei) • Often get members by talking about problems caused by Treaty of Versailles • Tried to overthrow government- known as Beer Hall Putsch) • Unsuccessful and would put him in jail where he would write Mein Kampf(“My Struggle”)

25. Nazi party would join Reichstag(German Parliament) and gain numerous seats • Would gain support from middle and lower classes due to bad economy promised them relief • Hitler would be appointed Chancellor by the President • Basic rights were lost and anti-Communist hysteria increased after Nazis blame Communists for setting Reichstag on fire(Reichstag Fire Decree) • Able to gain a legal dictatorship through passing act that gave the Cabinet power to make laws for 4 years(Hitler and Nazis held majority in Cabinet) and Decree • Gain total power when President dies and Cabinet creates law giving power to office held by Hitler(since SA forced others to resign)

27. Who: Adolf Hitler • What: would join Nazi party and legally take over Germany through Reichstag • When: post-WWI and WWII • Where: Germany • Why Important: Hitler would start WWII in Europe; the Holocaust