The First Amendment

1. The First Amendment • Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. — The First Amendment to the United States Constitution (thereof •of it abridging •reducing redress •to make right) • What rights are protected under the First Amendment? • What would be a violation of someone’s First Amendment rights?

2. In America, religious freedom is protected in the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. Religious freedom can be defined as “the right to practice any religion you choose, or to live without any religion at all.” • Put this definition into your own words. • In your opinion, what is included under the term religious freedom? • Should people be allowed to practice their religion anywhere they want? Why or why not? • Are there any reasons that someone should NOT be allowed to practice his religion?

3. 2. What does it mean to “respect other religions”? • Should the law ever prohibit the practice of a religion? Why? • What if a religion forced its members to do something against their will? • What if children are being hurt? • Should the government get involved to help those people? • Does this take away their religious freedom? 3. In cases where religion clashes with the law, which one should win? Why? 4. How does protecting freedom of religion guarantee all of our rights? 

4. Ancient Greece video • As you watch the video please answer the questions on the handout. • Review Questions

5. MAP of Ancient Greece Fill out map as I go over geography • SWBAT understand how geography affected settlement and culture in ancient Greece. • understand how the unique geography of ancient Greece encouraged the development of rival, isolated city-states and overseas trade.

6. Friday 9/6/13 • RAP Based on the video you watched last Friday and what you know. • Would you have liked to live in Ancient Greece? Why or why not? • What do we have today because of the ingenuity of the Greeks? • Describe Ancient Greece terrain. • Today • RAP • Map of Greece and notes • Read and take notes on Ancient Greece-Ch. 2.1

7. ANCIENT GREECECH. 2PAGES 58-65 Objective: Describe how the Greeks develop a culture that becomes one of the foundations of Western civilization. Understand through simulation how the Greeks develop from Monarchy – tyranny - oligarchy to Democracy. Describe innovations given to the Western world. Explain the spread of Greek culture to the world through Alexander’s conquests. Create a map of Ancient Greece to understand the challenges faced by the Greek people.

8. Label Maps Limited farmland encouraged rivalries among settlements Plains: less than one-fourth of Greece’s land was level enough for farming grains. Mountains separated ancient Greece into small, isolated regions. Hillsides were ideal for growing grapes and olives. Coastal settlements encouraged ancient Greeks to engage in overseas trade.

9. Ancient Greece location • Located Southern part of Europe’s Balkan Peninsula on the Mediterranean Sea and Aegean Sea. • Many islands also make up Greece. • Low rugged mountains with very little plains for growing grains. • Many Greeks were traders because of the closeness to the sea.

10. The Advance of Civilizations Please open your textbook to page 56— • As a class we will read the Storyteller. • As we study this chapter please think about the historical significance. Please open your textbook to page 58 • Read pages 58 thru 62 — and answer the questions on your handout. • Must read up to War, Glory, and Decline by Monday!! • DUE TUESDAY!! Complete the reading and questions up to Alexander the Great by Tuesday!

11. Monday 9/9/13 RAP • Who is Homer? • What did he write? • What is a polis? Today: • Notes on Ch. 2.1 Greece • Notes on Greek government • Finish Ch. 2.1 first part

12. Ancient Greece Timeline • C. 700 B.C. • Greeks found colonies in Mediterranean area • C. 600 B.C. • Greeks perform the earliest plays • C. 499 B.C. • Athenians and Persians fight the Battle of Marathon • 336 B.C. • Alexander becomes king of Macedonia

13. Greece’s mark on the world today • Theater • Olympics • Architecture • Government--democracy

14. Minoan and Mycenaean • 3000 B.C. to 1000 B.C. • Greeks derived their legends from these people

15. People • Homer– • Wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey • Greek schools used these to teach students about honor and bravery. • Blind poet • 700 BC

16. Ancient Greece • Polis- • city-state. Basic political unit of Greek civilization. • Included a city and the surrounding villages and fields. • Citizens who took part in the government had responsibilities and rights: • Vote, hold public office, own property, and speak for themselves in court. • Citizens made up only a minority of the residents in a polis. • Women had no political or legal rights.

17. Colonies and Trade • Population increase in Greece meant they needed to trade for much needed food, like grain. • Greeks began trading throughout the Mediterranean region.

18. Development of Democracy in Ancient Greece • Objective: SWBAT distinguish among four forms of government—monarchy, oligarchy, tyranny, and democracy. • Activity to learn about the above governments through simulation. • Take notes and illustrate each form of government.

19. The Development of Democracy in Ancient Greece

20. Monarchy- • Definition: a political system in which a state is ruled by a monarch…ruling power in the hands of one person. • Etymology: Monos (single); arkhein (rule) • In Ancient Greece, Mycenaens paid taxes to their kings, obeyed their laws, and depended on them for protection. Most Mycenaean kings inherited their power. • Why decline: Many Mycenaean kings lost power when they fought with rival monarchs over land and raw materials. Dorians also destroyed many Mycenaean kingdoms. • ILLUSTRATION:

21. Oligarchy • Definition: ruling power in the hands of a few leaders. • Etymology: oligos (few) and arkhein (rule) • In Ancient Greece: 500 BC-336 BC; political decisions were made by aristocrates and selected members of the middle class. Ordinary citizens had little say in how the city-state was run. Most cities either oligarchy or democracy. • Why decline: some oligarchs ruled harshly and their subjects rebelled. Other oligarchs lost the faith of their supporters because they could not solve key problems such as food shortages. • ILLUSTRATION:

22. Tyranny • Definition: Tyranny, form of government in which ruling power is in the hands of a few leaders. • Etymology: tyrannos (usurper with supreme power. • In Ancient Greece: with support from middle class, tyrants seized power to reform laws, aid the poor, and cancel debts. Promoted trade, carried out many public works projects, and abolished debt slavery. • Decline: Some tyrants became harsh and greedy and were overthrown. • ILLUSTRATION: 561 BC

23. Democracy • Definition: form of government in which ruling power is in the hands of the people. • Etymology: demos (people) and kratos (power) • In Ancient Greece: Athens was the birthplace of democracy. All male citizens could participate in the Athenian government. The assembly made laws, and its decisions, or decrees, were enforced by the Council of 500. 507 BC—Athenian leader Cleisthenes introduced a constitution, or plan of government, which stated that all free men were citizens regardless of whether they owned land. • ILLUSTRATION:

24. Tuesday 9/10/13 • RAP • List, in order, the steps of government that led to democracy in Ancient Greece. (yesterday) • Finish Four governments • Review Ch. 2.1 work sheet • Read Ch. 2.1 Alexander the Great

25. Open your textbook to page 60 • Get out your completed questions for Ch.2.1 • You need to take notes on the power point as we go over Ch. 2.1 Ancient Greece up to Alexander the Great.

26. Persian Wars • 490 BC—Persian forces landed at Marathon. • Greeks defeated Persians back to Asia Minor. • 480 BC– Persians returned where 7,000 Spartans stood against the Persians at Thermopylae for three days. • 300 8 minute mix • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QVVHTBAA-VU 3 min. • Athenian navy shut them out at Salamis.

28. Peloponnesian War 431 BC to 404 BC • Athens seemed stronger in the Navy area. • 430 BC a disease struck Athens. • Killed more than a third of the population. • Persian financed Spartan navy destroyed Athens fleet. • Athens surrendered in 404 BC after Spartans laid seige to Athens. • Effects: setback to all city-states • Decline in population; Decline in economic strength • Macedonia from the North threatened the city-states in 350 BC

29. Compare Sparta, Athens, and Persia

30. Paragraph or illustrationin your notes • Please write a paragraph depicting what it must have been like to be living in Greece during the Persian or Peloponnesian Wars. OR • Create an illustration depicting what it must have been like to be living in Greece during the Persian or Peloponnesian Wars. • Must have a TITLE

31. Tuesday / Wednesday 9/11-9/12 RAP • What happened 12 years ago today? • How should we remember this day in history? • What is your memory of 9/11? • How did the US change after 9/11? • Today: • Review Ch. 2.1 • Work on Alexander the great reading

32. Greek Civilization

33. Tragedies • Early Greek plays were tragedies, dramatic works in which the lead characters struggle against fate only to be doomed—after much suffering—to an unhappy, or tragic, ending. • Antigone, Oedipus Rex and Medea • 525 BC to 385 BC

34. Comedies • Plays with humorous themes and happy endings. • 350 BC and 250 BC

35. Classical • The Greek created works characterized by beautiful simplicity and graceful balance, now known as classical. • Architecture • Sculpture • Painting

36. Olympic Games • Athletic competitions held in Olympia, Greece, between the different states and cities of ancient Greece. • Between 776 BC until 393 AD. • Winners were crowned with wreaths of olive leaves and held parades in their honor. First modern Olympic Games in Athens Greece, 1896

37. People • Pericles • Socrates • Plato • Aristotle • Thucydides • Pythagoras • Hippocrates

38. Pericles • Athenian General • Rebuilt Athens and made it the most beautiful city in Greece. • Parthenon (temple of the goddess Athena)

39. Philosophers • Socrates- Greek philosopher • Socratic method—students learned to clarify their thinking and to defend their ideas. • Plato—student of Socrates • Aristotle- • Influenced later thinkers on logic and science. The first person to observe facts, classify them according to their similarities and differences.

40. Historians • Thucydides (thoo SIH duh deez) regarded as the first scientific historian. • Refused to accept supernatural explanations for events.

41. SCIENTISTS Pythagoras- --tried to explain everything in mathematical terms. • Hippocrates –believed that diseases had natural, not supernatural, causes and that the body could heal itself. • Doctors today recite the Hippocratic oath when they receive their medical degree.

42. Please begin reading Ch. 2.1 Alexander and answer the questions.

43. Thursday 9/12/13 RAP • Describe two people from Ancient Greece that have influenced our society today. • Who fought in the Persian war? • Who fought in the Peloponnesian War? Today: Read Alexander and answer the questions Finish Alexander notes and video

44. Friday 9/13/13 RAP • What is so great about Alexander the Great? • What is Hellenistic culture? Today: • Finish reviewing Ch. 2.1 • Watch video on Alexander the Great • Take notes • Title: Alexander the Great video notes • Brainstorm for Ancient Greece essay

45. Persian Empire

46. Alexander the Great • From Macedonia, north of Greece. • Became King of Macedonia in 336 BC when his father, King Philip was murdered. • In 333 BC, he became Pharaoh of Egypt—was welcomed by the people. • Named a new city-Alexandria after himself. • In 331 BC, Alexander captured the city of Persepolis in Mesopotamia and declared himself ruler of the Persian Empire. • In 327 BC Alexander went into India. • As Alexander turned to head back to Macedonia, he died at the age of 33 in 323 BC.

47. Alexander’s Empire 336-323 BC

48. Divided between: • Ptolemy-Egypt, Libya, part of Syria—descendants, Cleopatra. • Seleucus- Mesopotamia, Iran, and Afghanistan • Antigonus- Macedonia and Greece

49. Video Alexander • Alexander the Great • What character traits made Alexander a great leader?

50. Hellenistic Culture-How Alexander changed the World • Hellenic ways of life mixed with elements of Middle Eastern culture to form a new culture, called Hellenistic. • Alexandria, Egypt was a major intellectual center. • More freedoms for women • More people were learning to read and write • New jobs in real estate, banking, and government • Hellenistic Thinkers and Artists • Continued interest in philosophy • Pursuit of knowledge • Diogenes-believed people would be happy if they gave up luxuries and lived with nature. Cynicism • Epicureanism argued that people should avoid both joy and pain by accepting the world as it is and living simply and quietly. • Stoics believed that natural laws governed behavior. (influenced Roman and early Christian thinkers.) • Scientists performed many experiments- • Collected and organized all information about geometry. • Archimedes discovered the principle of buoyancy • Eratosthenes estimated the earth’s circumference to within one percent of the correct figure.