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Pressures of Populations

Population growth is influenced by various factors, including immigration, emigration, and limiting factors. Immigration leads to growth, while emigration often occurs due to resource scarcity. There are two main types of limiting factors: abiotic, such as light and air, and biotic, like competition and disease. Survival strategies vary among organisms; opportunists reproduce rapidly in declining populations, while competitors are adapted to thrive near their carrying capacity. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for managing ecosystems and predicting future population trends.

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Pressures of Populations

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  1. Pressures of Populations Section 3.2

  2. Population growth • Population growth is limited for all populations Population change = (birth + immigration) – (death + emigration)

  3. Population growth • Immigration – the movement of individuals in to a population - can increase a population - can stabilize a declining population

  4. Population growth • Emigration – movement of individuals out of a population - can occur when resources become scarce

  5. Population growth • Limiting Factors • prevent the continuation of population growth Abiotic – non-living Biotic - living

  6. Population growth Examples of limiting factors: Locusts Light Air Water Plants Microbes

  7. Population growth • Competition – when organisms try to obtain the same resources as other organisms

  8. Population growth • Density–dependent – a factor that affects a population when density is high - competition - disease

  9. Population growth • Density-independent – factor that have the same effect on a population whether density is high or low • Temperature • Wildfires

  10. Survival Strategies • Opportunists – species that reproduce quickly if population falls below carrying capacity Dandelion Insects Algae

  11. Survival Strategies • Opportunists • Tend to have short life spans, large amounts of offspring • Population size changes often, grows quickly • Lives across many areas, can adapt quickly

  12. Survival Strategies • Competitors – species with adaptations that allow them to live at or near their carrying capacity for long periods of time

  13. Survival Strategies • Competitors • Live longer with fewer offspring • Offspring take a longer time to develop • Animals take care of young longer • Not distributed across wide areas • Greater number of offspring live to reproduce

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