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Sweet Corn Herbicides Variety Sensitivity

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Sweet Corn Herbicides Variety Sensitivity

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    1. Sweet Corn Herbicides & Variety Sensitivity Doug Doohan, Joel Felix and Tim Koch – OARDC, Wooster

    2. Focus Optimizing weed control using herbicides effectively varietal sensitivity

    3. Optimizing Weed Control Not depending entirely upon herbicides. Why not? Lose effectiveness Use too much

    4. Weed shifts / Resistance

    5. Optimizing Weed Control Use a variety of methods (Integration) Site Preparation Cultural Methods Chemical Methods Mechanical Methods

    6. Site Preparation

    7. Cultural Methods Prevention Eradication Crop Rotation

    8. Herbicides Options PREPLANT preplant burn down preplant incorporated (PPI) PRE - preemergence POST – postemergence

    9. PREPLANT Preplant burn down late seeding following early seed bed preparation seeding into sod that wasn’t killed previous autumn

    10. PREPLANT Preplant burn down glyphosate; Gramoxone; 2,4-D; Banvel Can tank-mix with PRE herbicides

    11. PREPLANT PPI Why? Reduce dependence upon rainfall for activation Improve control of yellow nutsedge

    12. PREPLANT PPI Eradicane, Sutan+ - grasses, nutsedge, some broadleaf weeds Dual II Magnum, Frontier, Lasso/Pardner – annual grasses, nutsedge, some broadleaf weeds

    13. PRE Atrazine – max. rate 2.5 lb ai/A. Bladex – legal until Dec. 31, 2002 Dual – many Dual products, Dual II is safer on corn Bicep – premixes of Dual and atrazine with product range and features of Duals

    14. PRE Atrazine & Bladex mainly broadleaf weeds PRE and POST activity triazine resistant biotypes carryover problems with atrazine Bladex can injure corn under plastic and if applied POST

    15. PRE Dual II Magnum Lasso Frontier annual grass herbicides, suppress nutsedge PRE with very little POST activity POST applications can slightly injury sweet corn Poor control of mid/late summer grasses

    16. POST Atrazine + oil apply before crop is 12 inches Tank-mix with crop oil concentrate

    17. POST AIM weed control controls velvetleaf, nightshade, pigweed, annual morningglories and lambsquarters apply when weeds are 1-4 inches tall

    18. POST AIM crop Safety apply up to 8 collar stage on corn slight injury common position nozzles 18 inches above crop do not apply within 6-8 hours of rain do not spray into the whorl GROWER ASSUMES LIABILITY

    19. POST BASAGRAN Very safe to crop Non-residual Controls “small” broadleaf weed seedlings Timing Is Critical Suppresses nutsedge and thistles

    20. POST Dual - apply up to 5 leaf stage of the crop and 1 leaf stage of grasses Frontier - apply to 12 inch tall corn but before weeds emerge.

    21. POST Permit Controls nutsedge, pigweed, velvetleaf, ragweed and cocklebur Non Ionic Surfactant required Cultivar sensitivities occur Do Not Apply During Periods of Water Saturated Soil Grower Assumes Liability

    22. POST Prowl controls triazine-resistant weeds and annual grasses when applied before emergence Plant corn at least 1.5 inches deep Apply at the “spike” stage or up to 12 inches high

    23. Sweet Corn Herbicides and Variety Sensitivity Sulfonyl Urea herbicides Accent, Beacon, Peak, Permit 1/10 cultivars may be severely injured reduced OR compromised detoxification Compromised by stress around the time of application High or low temperatures Water-logged soils OP insecticides

    24. Sweet Corn Herbicides and Variety Sensitivity -OSU Research- 3 years of field research with Permit 15 + cultivars injury and yield loss in 1/3 years (2000) Why bother?

    25. Permit (halosulfuron) 1 or 2 applications of 1 1/3 oz/A. 2/3 oz/A reduced tuber density by 80%. (Nelson & Renner)

    26. Conclusions - 2000 Tolerant varieties at 1.33 oz/A included Kandy Corner, Ice Queen, Bandit, and Seneca Dancer. Tolerant varieties at 0.66 oz/A included Sweet Rhythm, Sensor, Extra Tender. Sensitive varieties included Fortune, Amazingly Sweet, Kandy King, Immaculata, Confection, and Silver King.

    27. 2001 2000 OSU study was repeated with additional site in IN. non replicated study in MI

    28. Conclusions - 2001 No yield reductions! Limited injury symptoms! Kandy King (13%), Fortune (10%) Amazingly Sweet, Immaculata, Confection, Sensor (trace)

    29. What to take home? Cultivar sensitivity is real and is uncertain Don’t assume tolerance, use at own risk Environmental conditions are very important Stay tuned

    30. Wrap Up Optimize weed control and crop safety by “integrating” methods chemical, cultural, mechanical Herbicide options (preplant, pre, post) driven by individual situation analysis weed community, site preparation Growers assuming more management expertise and risk university research

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