1 / 22

The Vertebrates

The Vertebrates. Overview of Vertebrates. Same general criteria of vertebrates! Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: Eukaryotic Cellularity: Multicellular Autotroph or Heterotroph: Ingestive heterotroph Cell wall composition: No cell wall.

amber
Télécharger la présentation

The Vertebrates

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. The Vertebrates

  2. Overview of Vertebrates • Same general criteria of vertebrates! • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Chordata • Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: Eukaryotic • Cellularity: Multicellular • Autotroph or Heterotroph: Ingestive heterotroph • Cell wall composition: No cell wall

  3. Overview of Chordates • All chordates have shared characteristics • Dorsal, hollow nerve cord • Notochord • Pharyngeal gill slits • Post-anal tail

  4. Classification • Chordates • Fish • Several classes—most diverse! • Amphibians • Reptiles • Birds • Mammals

  5. Fish • In general, fish share the following • Paired fins • Scales • Gills

  6. Fish • Lamprey • Class Hyperoartia • Look like eels • No jaw • No fins • No bones • Primitive vertebral column • Hagfish • Class Myxini / Hyperotreti • Look like eels • No jaw • No fins • No bones • No vertebrae

  7. Fish • Lobed-fin Fish • Class Sarcopterygii • Have jaw • Have bones like ours • Paired fins attached to bony axis • Mostly extinct • Link to amphibians? • Ex: coelacanth, lungfish • Cartilaginous Fish • Class Chondrichthyes • Have jaw • Have bones • Skeleton made up of cartilage • Have paired fins • Unique scales on skin • Ex: Shark, rays and skates

  8. Fish • Bony Fish / Ray-finned fish • Class Osteoichthyes • Have jaw • Have bones like ours • Paired fins attached to bony axis • Scales • Swim bladder to control position in water • Gills for O2/CO2 exchange • Ex: flounder, clownfish

  9. General Fish Characteristics • Circulation • Closed circulatory system • 2 chambered heart • Ventricles – pump blood; lots of muscle • Atrium – collect blood • Ectothermic (cold-blooded) • Body temp is controlled by outside • Reproduction • Sexual reproduction • External fertilization, external development

  10. Amphibians • Class Amphibia • Dual life –larvae are aquatic (in water), adults terrestrial (on land) • Have jaw • Have bones like ours • No scales • Respiration • Thin, moist skin, lungs, gills (juvenile) • Ex: newts, salamanders, toads

  11. General amphibian characteristics • Circulation • Closed circulatory system • 3chambered heart • 1 Ventricle • 2 Atria • Ectothermic • Reproduction • Sexual reproduction • External fertilization, external development • Metamorphosis • Limits parent/offspring competition

  12. Switch from water to land • Amniotic egg • Allow young to develop in a moist environment on dry land!

  13. Reproduction Patterns • Oviparous • Female lays eggs that are already fertilized • Most fish, most reptiles, all birds, few mammals • Ovoviviparous • Fertilized egg remains in body • Some fish (some sharks), some reptiles(boas, vipers) • Viviparous • Live birth—mother “feeds” young (no shell) • Placental mammals

  14. Reptiles • Class Reptilia • Terrestrial • Have jaw • Have bones like ours • Scales • Respiration • Lungs (aveoli) • Ex: crocodiles, lizards, snakes, turtles

  15. General Reptilian characteristics • Circulation • Closed circulatory system • 3.5 chambered heart • 1.5 Ventricles (partially divided) • 2 Atria • Ectothermic • Reproduction • Sexual reproduction • Internal fertilization, internal or external development

  16. Birds • Class Aves • Terrestrial with flight adaptation • Have jaw • Have bones like ours • Hollow for flight • Feathers • Respiration • Lungs (well-formed aveoli) • Ex: sparrows, hawks, parrots

  17. General Avian characteristics • Circulation • Closed circulatory system • 4chambered heart • 2 Ventricles • 2 Atria • Endothermic • Control own temperature • Reproduction • Sexual reproduction • Internal fertilization, external development • High amount of parental care

  18. 4 chambered heart • Highly efficient • Double pump mechanism • Oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood never mix • Right side pumps deoxygenated blood from the body to the lungs • Left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the entire body

  19. Mammals • Class Mammalia • Have jaw • Have bones like ours • Fur/ mammary glands/ 3 inner ear bones • Respiration • Lungs • Ex: cats, bats, rats

  20. General Mammalian characteristics • Circulation • Closed circulatory system • 4 chambered heart • Endothermic • Reproduction • Sexual reproduction • Internal fertilization, internal or external development • High amount of parental care • 3 subclasses

  21. Subclasses of Mammals A. Monotremes • Oviparous – thin, leathery shells • Examples: platypus, echidna B. Marsupials • No real “parity” • Baby develops partway in mother’s uterus • “Born”, then go into marsupian (pouch) to develop more • Examples: kangaroo, koala, opossum C. Placental mammals • Viviparous – give birth to live young • Nutrients go through umbilical cord in placenta • Examples: mouse, horse, human

More Related