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Christianization of the West (400 A.D.-1500 A.D.)

Christianization of the West (400 A.D.-1500 A.D.). Page 154 Pages 158-159 Pages 162-163 Page 164 Pages 168-169 Pages 172-173 Pages 176-177. Workbook pages. The Roman Empire grew for the following reasons: Roman roads were well-built Powerful army

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Christianization of the West (400 A.D.-1500 A.D.)

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  1. Christianization of the West (400 A.D.-1500 A.D.)

  2. Page 154 Pages 158-159 Pages 162-163 Page 164 Pages 168-169 Pages 172-173 Pages 176-177 Workbook pages

  3. The Roman Empire grew for the following reasons: • Roman roads were well-built • Powerful army • Capable emperors and generals (did their jobs well) • The empire covered most of Europe, most of North Africa, and some of Asia. • This created problems. The Roman Empire is Split into Two Pieces

  4. The provinces did not always do what they were told • So many of Rome’s provinces were too far to supervise and control effectively (well) Managing the empire became difficult

  5. The empire was expensive to operate. • It spent too much money on the following: • building new roads, aqueducts, public buildings • supporting the army • expanding its borders • Rome was forced to conquer new lands so that it can collect more tax money The provinces were costly to maintain

  6. He decided it would be easier to manage Rome if it was split in half. • This created two Roman empires: • Western R. Empire • Eastern R. Empire • Each side had an emperor. Diocletian’s solution for better managing the r.E.:

  7. Diocletian chose to rule the Eastern Roman Empire • Before leaving, he moved a great deal of Rome's money over to the Eastern Roman Empire https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=osaCRlsRvk0

  8. Rome was first a monarchy, then a republic, then an empire – it all lasted for over 1200 years. Although Rome had some wonderful emperors, it also suffered from a series of bad, corrupt and crazy emperors. The following are reasons why it fell: 476 AD: FALL OF ROME (WESTERN)

  9. Poorly governed (managed) Corrupt army (dishonest generals) Civil wars broke out (among political groups) Incompetent emperors (made poor choices)

  10. Too many slaves put many Romans out of work. The rich became lazy and showed little interest in trying to solve Rome’s problems. The poor were overtaxed & overworked.

  11. Theses Problems led to the following consequences:

  12. Products became too expensive to affordable Businesses began to struggle Trade decreased Romans began to starve and die of diseases Population decrease made managing farms difficult The Empire starting shrinking The barbarian tribes* began conquering different parts of the empire *Huns, Visigoths, Franks, Vandals, Saxons, etc.

  13. Rome tried to solve some of their problems by splitting the Roman Empire in half, hoping that would make the empire easier to manage.

  14. The Western R. Empire became weaker. By 400 AD, the barbarian tribes finally defeated Rome. In 476 AD, the Visigoths successfully invaded Rome. Europe entered the Dark Ages. Did splitting the empire in half work? Barbarians - The Goths http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EcuVJUKZvx4

  15. The Eastern R. Empire did well (renamed “ the Byzantine Empire”). It would last for another 1000 years.

  16. They were tribes of warriors who invaded the Roman Empire from the Northeast. • Eventually swept across Europe and destroyed the Roman Empire and formed independent Kingdoms. BARBARIANS http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJYVi16vp8k http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Plsh2YmfE1g

  17. Most barbarians were pagans (did not believe in Christ) As a result, these kingdoms did not practice Christianity Many churches were abandoned across Europe The Catholic Church realized that it needed to send monks across Europe to teach about Christianity The Return of Christianity

  18. The Church slowed converted most Barbarians to Christianity. • As a result, churches & monasteries were built all over Europe. • Monks made and kept handwritten copies of holy books in their monasteries.

  19. Mohammed began preaching about Allah. • Many people in Arabia became Muslims and mosques were built everywhere. • It was spread by merchants and soldiers. THE RISE OF ISLAM

  20. Prince Charles was crowned king and ruled over France. “Charlemagne” means Charles the Great His mission was to create a Christian empire. Charlemagne’s Empire (768 AD)

  21. His mission was to convert(to change) everyone to Christianity • He had churches and monasteries built throughout Europe. • His empire collapsed soon after his death due to invasions from Vikings and tribes of Magyars.

  22. Europeans were divided into four main classes and each group had different jobs to do. You were born into a class of people and generally stayed in that class for your entire life. Working hard did not change your status. Feudalism

  23. Feudal System

  24. For safety and for defense, people formed small communities around a central lord or master. The lord’s job was to defend the people living in his manor. It included the castle, the church, the village, and the surrounding farm land. The Manor

  25. The king awarded land (fiefs)to his most important lords (nobles), barons, and bishops. • A fief a unit of land that included at least one village, huts for the serfs, the manor house or castle, and areas set aside to grow, feed, or catch food - the fields, pasture land, and woods.

  26. The peasants (serfs) worked and lived on the land. • In exchange, the lord protected them. • Heavily taxed • Required to give most of their crops to their lord. Peasant Life

  27. He awarded land (called fief) to his vassal. • The vassal had to find peasants to cultivate the land. • He had to protect his vassal. • He had to administer justice. Suzerain (Superior lords)

  28. A vassal promised loyalty to his suzerain • He had to fight alongside his suzerain and give him money • He advised the suzerain • He had to find soldiers to fight alongside his suzerain Vassals (Inferior lords)

  29. They were wealthy lords who fought on horseback They provided protection Knights (lords)

  30. The Catholic Church • Only church in Europe during the Middle Ages. • Most Europeans were Christian. • Everyone had to live by the Church's laws and pay heavy taxes to support it.

  31. It also accepted gifts (ex: land, money) from people who wanted special favors or wanted to be certain of a place in heaven. • Such gifts allowed the Church to become very powerful, and it often used this power to influence kings to do as it wanted.

  32. Although Europeans were very religious, the mass was said in Latin, a language most people did not understand. • It believed in labor (work hard) and in prayer. • It also made it very clear that if you wanted to get to heaven, you had to participate in the sacraments.

  33. What were the sacraments? They were a simple set of steps that, if followed, would open the doors to heaven.  The Church charged people money for some of the sacraments and demanded donations to feed the poor and to build new churches.

  34. People who questioned the teachings of the Church were punished. • They were known as heretics. • They were often tortured and killed by inquisitors. Enemies of the Church

  35. The Pope • Head of the Church • They had a great amount of power to influence kings. • He wanted the power of all the rulers in Europe. • He always argued with Holy roman emperors and kings of France.

  36. The Pope had the power to excommunicate. • This meant that the person could not attend any church services or receive the sacraments and would go straight to hell when they died. • At a time when everyone believed in heaven and hell and all belonged to the Church, this was an awful punishment.

  37. A monk is a man who has chosen to devote his life to a certain discipline of prayer. • A priest named Benedict built a monastery in Italy. The rules he established were called Benedictine Rule. • All monks had to take three vows: • Vow of poverty • Vow of chastity (stay single) • Vow of obedience (obeyed the church and the rules of the monastery) Monks

  38. As the populations in Europe increased, hygienic conditions worsened, leading to health problems. • Medical knowledge was limited (ex: drugs like antibiotics did not exist) and Europe did not have a health care system. Medieval Health

  39. There were many myths and superstitions about health and hygiene (i.e. believed that disease was spread by bad odors). • It was believed that diseases resulted from sin.

  40. When faced with the need for quick cash, nobles offered their serfs a chance to buy their freedom. Because the serfs had sold goods at the marketplaces, many were able to buy their freedom. As the serfs left, the feudal system declined.  The serfs were free, but where could they go? Some stayed on the land and worked for the nobles for payment. Some joined the crusades. Most new freemen moved to the rapidly growing towns in search of work. End of Serfdom

  41. In the 14th century (1347 AD), a horrible disease struck Asia, Africa, and Europe. • A ship returning from Asia to Italy brought a terrible plague called the Black Death. The Black Death

  42. Nearly 1 in 3 people living in Europe died People were sick everywhere (wiped out villages)  It was spread by blood sucking fleas People thought plague was sent by God to punish them for their sins. “Flagellant Brothers” tried to stop the disease by whipping their bodies. Since plague was transmitted through contact with blood they actually spread the disease.

  43. At first, people locked their doors trying to protect themselves. They carried flowers to block out the smell of the dead and dying. The skies were filled with ashes as people burned houses filled with the dead. Villages filled with the dead were burned down, to contain and kill the disease. Nothing worked. 

  44. Outbreaks of the plague continued for two hundred years. The cause of the plague was not discovered until the 20th century (1900's.) Today, this disease is called the bubonic plague. We have a vaccine for the plague should an outbreak ever happen again.

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