The Renaissance

1. The Renaissance Chapter 15 Section 1: The Italian Renaissance

2. The Renaissance

3. Society and Politics • After Viking invasions, Europe broke up into small kingdoms based on feudalism and the manorial system • The Church bound Christendom together as a political force • Pope had power over kings with the Inquisition and excommunication

6. Inquisition Inquisition used torture to extract confessions from heretics

7. Education • The Church maintained the only schools and libraries to train the clergy • Clergy served as the only philosophers • Monks hand copied religious manuscripts on vellum using illumination in Latin • Even many priests were virtually illiterate

9. Literature and Writing • Emphasis on personal piety (the level of devotion to one’s religious beliefs) • Mostly religious texts: sermons on how people should live; lives of saints • Dante’s Inferno: about the levels of hell • Thomas Aquinas: introduced scholasticism that reason could be used to prove one’s faith

10. Dante’s Inferno

11. Science and Learning • Controlled by church teachings as revealed by God • Ptolemy’s view of the universe (Earth was the center of the Universe) only accepted view. • Autopsies were not allowed by the church (even Renaissance artists and physicians had to rob graves for their research) • Diseases seen more as an act of God (Treatment usually involved tasting patients urine and bleeding the patient)

13. Art and Architecture • Religion inspired great works of art • Trade towns built Gothic cathedrals with magnificent stained glass windows • Art was created by anonymous artisans who worked for the church • Religious subjects that were symbolic, not realistic

17. Now it’s your turn Use your text and your notes to complete the second column.

18. Baldassare Castiglione The Courtier What were some of those rules? What is a Renaissance man? • Described how perfect Renaissance gentleman, gentlewoman should act • Castiglione gave nobles new rules for refined behavior in humanist society Portrait by Raphael

19. Niccolò Machiavelli The Prince “The end justifies the means” How did Machiavelli’s The Prince reflect humanist and Renaissance ways of thinking?

20. Compare/Contrast Medieval Art Renaissance Art How were Renaissance Artists funded?

21. Leonardo da Vinci • Highly talented in all fields • His paintings are still studied and admired • Wrote out ideas, filling 20,000 pages of notes • His interests, enthusiasm boundless Why is Leonardo da Vinci considered a Renaissance man?

22. Geometrical Arrangement of Figures • The Dreyfus Madonna with the Pomegranate • Leonardo da Vinci • 1469 • The figure as architecture!

23. Da VinciMona Lisa (1503-06)Perspective,Anatomy, Composition

24. Cultural icon

26. What do you call this technique?

27. Raphael • Renowned painter, accomplished architect • Most famous work, The School of Athens, fresco—painting made on fresh, moist plaster • Also well known for many paintings of the Madonna, mother of Jesus

28. List characteristics of the Italian Renaissance can you find in this picture?

30. What to consider • Who’s the artist? • What’s the name of the painting? • What are the elements of Renaissance art?

31. Da Vinci Raphael Michelangelo

32. Plato:looks to theheavens [or the IDEALrealm]. Aristotle:looks to thisearth [thehere andnow].

33. Pythagoras

34. Pythagoras

35. The Northern Renaissance Chapter 15 Section 2

36. SofonisbaAnguissola

37. Desiderius Erasmus • Combined Christian ideas, humanism (Christian Humanism) • Wrote of pure, simple Christian life, educating children • Roman Catholic Church censored, condemned works This world as it is being lived just now has become a complete absurdity. Allow me, therefore, my friends, to call upon the Goddess of Folly to explain to you how our religious, political, and social fabric has now assumed proportions of such grotesque stupidity and imbecility that only a complete fool can any longer hope to be happy while living under this kind of dispensation.

38. Sir Thomas More • More’s best-known work, Utopia, contains criticisms of English government, society • Presents vision of perfect, non-existent society based on reason

39. William Shakespeare • Many believe English playwright William Shakespeare greatest writer • Plots not original, but treatments of them masterful • Drew inspiration from ancient, contemporary literature • Knowledge of natural science, humanist topics expressed in plays

40. Compare Contrast Italian Renaissance Northern Renaissance

41. Albrecht Dürer • Printer well known for his woodcuts • On return, used Italian techniques of realism, perspective • Oil paintings exhibit features unique to northern Renaissance • Oils reproduced textures; reflection of objects, scenes outside window

42. Jan van Eyck Flemish School • Artists of Netherlands developed own style, Flemish School • Used technique perfected by Jan van Eyck, 1400s • Fused the everyday with religious; lit candle represents God’s presence

43. Pieter Brueghel

44. Vidual Quiz Number your paper 1-22. You may use your notes on this quiz. When you see the work, write down the name of the artist.

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