1990’s

1. 1990’s The Clinton Years and The United States in today’s world http://www.1990sflashback.com/ http://history1900s.about.com/library/time/bltime1990.htm

2. During the 1990s, the United States achieved a degree of economic, cultural, and military preeminence unmatched since the period immediately following World War II. The United States was the world’s lone superpower, with military spending greater than that of the next ten largest countries combined. Its economy, by far the world’s most productive, dominated the fields of entertainment, finance, and high technology. Its movies, music, and television shows spread American values across the entire globe. For millions of people the world over, the United States symbolized freedom, opportunity, and prosperity. But among some people, it provoked envy and resentment.

3. The end of the Cold War unleashed violent ethnic, religious, national conflicts, especially in the Balkans, the Middle East, and Africa. The first important foreign policy crisis of the post-Cold War era involved Panama, which the United States invaded in 1989 to safeguard American lives and protect the Canal Zone. This was followed in 1990 by Iraq’s invasion and occupation of Kuwait, which was reversed by the Gulf War. The breakup of the former Yugoslavia resulted in U.S. intervention in Bosnia and Kosovo.

4. 1992 Election

5. Republican Candidate • Failed to win the presidency because he raised taxes. • He lacked an economic strategy for dealing with the recession. • He did not communicate a vision for the future.

6. Democratic Candidate • During his campaign he focused on Infrastructure, a middle-class tax-cut, welfare reform, trimming the size of the government and balancing budget.

7. Independent Candidate • Texas Billionaire On February 20, 1992, he appeared on CNN's Larry King Live and announced his intention to run if his supporters could get his name on the ballot in all 50 states. With such declared policies as balancing the federal budget and enacting electronic direct democracy via "electronic town halls," he became a potential candidate and soon polled roughly even with the major party candidates.

8. Clinton’s First Term http://clinton5.nara.gov/WH/Accomplishments/eightyears-01.html

9. Domestic Policy • Streamlining of the federal bureaucracy • He had a diverse cabinet • He worked to reduce the deficit • He introduced welfare reform • He proposed a health-care bill

10. Foreign policy • Passage of NAFTA • Tried to help keep peace in the former Yugoslavia • Increased trade with China at the expense of human rights • Humanitarian efforts in Somalia

11. The Balkan Region

12. The Dayton Accords • The name of the peace agreement reached at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, Ohio. These accords put an end to the three and a half year long war in Bosnia, one of the armed conflicts in the former Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia. • The conference took place from November 1 to November 21, 1995

13. The Republican Congress and Contract with America The Contract with America was a document released by the Republican Party of the United States during the 1994 Congressional election campaign. Largely written by Representative Dick Armey, and in part using text from former President Ronald Reagan's 1985State of the Union Address, the Contract detailed the actions that the Republicans promised to take if they became the majority party in the United States House of Representatives for the first time in forty years. Many of the Contract's policy ideas originated at The Heritage Foundation, an influential conservative think-tank.

14. Goals for Republican Leaders • Congressional Term Limits • A Balanced Budget Amendment • Tax Cuts • Tougher Crime Laws • Welfare Reform

15. Clinton and the Senate Undermine the Contract • The Senate defeated the balanced budget amendment by one vote and scaled back or defeated other measures. • Clinton vetoed 15 bills.

16. Clinton’s Impeachment

17. White Water Scandal • A failed 1970s Arkansas real estate venture by the Whitewater Development Corp., in which Governor (later President) Bill Clinton and his wife, Hillary RodhamClinton, were partners; the name is also used for the political ramifications of this scheme. • Kenneth Starr to look into questionable practices • 1998 Starr reports possible Presidential wrong doings. • Monika Lewisky Affair • Clinton denies under sworn testimony

18. Newt Gingrich • Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. In 1995 he was named Time Magazine's Man of the Year for his role in leading the Republican Revolution in Congress

19. America and the Global Economy The economic challenges and opportunities facing America

20. The Domestic Economy

21. “Peace dividend” to fund public investment Lower inflation Creation of 10 million new jobs. Low unemployment Flat or declining family incomes Widening income gap Four million working families live in poverty Good News Bad News

22. The Changing Domestic Economy

23. Trends in the Service Sector • The change over from a manufacturing to a service economy • The jobs that were created were low-paying or temporary jobs with few benefits.

24. Growth of Temporary Work • Corporate downsizing • Full time staff replaced with temporary workers, who were paid less, received received fewer benefits and had little job security.

25. Decline in Manufacturing Jobs • Automation and increased international competition • Workers laid off or forced to work for less money • Fewer workers represented by unions

26. Growth in the high-Tech industry • Computers • An increased demand for workers with advanced training and specialized technical skills • Higher paying jobs among “knowledge workers”

27. The Changing Global Economy Trends in international trade and competition and the effects on American workers

28. Nafta • The North American Free Trade Agreement, known usually as NAFTA, is a free trade agreement among Canada, the United States, and Mexico. NAFTA went into effect on January 1, 1994. NAFTA is also used to refer to the tripartite trading bloc of North American countries.

29. Purpose and scope NAFTA called for immediately eliminating duties on half of all U.S. goods shipped to Mexico and Canada, and gradually phasing out other tariffs over a period of about 14 years. Restrictions were to be removed from many categories NAFTA is a treaty under international law. (Under United States law it is classed as a congressional-executive agreement rather than a treaty, reflecting a peculiar sense of the term "treaty" in United States constitutional law that is not followed by international law or the laws of other states.)

30. GATT/WTO • Clinton wanted to expand trade abroad. • In 1994, the United States joined with other nations to reform the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade formed after WWII. • The new treaty lowered trade barriers and established the World Trade Organization (pg. 1016-1017)

31. Technology and modern life The Impact of technological advances during the 1990’s

32. Communications • The information superhighway • Email, The web • Personal Computers, cell phones, ect. • Removal of barriers that had prevented communications companies from conducting more than one type of business.

33. Health care • More accurate diagnoses • Less painful treatments • More effective medications • More experimental drugs • MRI’s • The use of VR to diagnose health problems.

34. Genetic engineering • The increased ability of genetically altered food products • July 5, 1996: Dolly the sheep is the first mammal to be successfully cloned from an adult cell

35. entertainment Musical Trends: Grudge, Boy Bands, and Teen Queens Cd’s and Virtual Reality introduced

36. education • Computer use in the classroom introduced • Greater access to computer networks • Video conferencing introduced

37. transportation • Increased safety through innovations such as air bags • GPS introduced

38. Space exploration • The Hubble telescope used to gather more information about galaxies and stars • Six month mission of astronaut Shannon Lucid on the Mir Space Station.

39. environment • Search for alternate energy sources • Greater efforts made to develop environmentally friendly vehicles

40. Telecommunications act of 1996 • The legislation regulates: • Broadcasting by over-the-air television and radio stations; cable television operators; satellite broadcasters; • Wireline telephone companies (local and long distance), wireless telephone companies, and others. • The general intention of the Act was deregulation and promotion of competition. The Act removed barriers which had previously prevented telecoms from competing head-to-head; the Act was intended to foster competition. Deregulation was also intended to offer consumers a choice in local phone service.

41. The changing face of America Facts and Trends from the late 20th century

42. Ruby Ridge Siege • In 1992 a federal force of U.S. Marshals, FBI and BATF agents conducted a murderous assault on the homestead of Randy and Vicki Weaver, resulting in the deaths of Vicki and their son, Sammy. This incident is highly controversial, and has raised serious questions about the abusive use of force by federal agencies against U.S. citizens.

43. Attack on the World Trade Center • 1993 • 6 died • 10 convicted

44. Siege on Waco Texas • On February 28, 1993, the United StatesBureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) attempted to execute a search warrant at the Branch Davidian ranch at Mount Carmel, a property located nine miles (14 km) east-northeast of Waco,Texas. An exchange of gunfire resulted in the deaths of four agents and six Davidians. A subsequent 51-day siege by the Federal Bureau of Investigation ended on April 19 when the complex was destroyed by fire. 79 people, including 21 children and Davidian leader David Koresh, died in the incident.

45. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/waco/ruth.html45

47. Brady Bill is passed • 1993 • 5 day waiting period for gun

48. Urban flight • By 1990 more than half of all Americans were living in Suburbs • In 1990, the 31 most impoverished communities were cities

49. L.A. race riots • The 1992 Los Angeles riots, also known as the Rodney King uprising or the Rodney King riots, were sparked on April 29, 1992 when a mostly white jury acquitted four police officers accused in the videotaped beating of black motorist Rodney King, after he fled from police. Thousands of people in Los Angeles, mainly young black and Latino males, joined in what has often been characterized as a race riot, involving mass law-breaking, including looting, arson and murder. In all 50 to 60 people were killed during the riots.