Top Quark Pair Production at Tevatron and LHC

1. Top Quark Pair Production at Tevatron and LHC Andrea Bangert, Herbstschule fuer Hochenergiephysik, Maria Laach, September 2007

2. Overview • Top pair production • Pair production as test of perturbative QCD • Top decay • Cross section measurements at the Fermilab Tevatron • Cross section measurements with the ATLAS detector at the LHC • Conclusions

3. Top Production scale μ = μR = μF Parton Density Functions • Partonic cross section σij • Short-distance hard scattering. • Calculated to NLO in perturbative QCD. • Parton density functions f(x,μ2) • Non-perturbative but universal. • Determined from fits to experimental data. Measurement of σ serves as experimental test of pQCD.

4. Test of Perturbative QCD √s = 1.96 TeV

5. Top Decay • Top lifetime is τt~10-24 s • No top hadrons or bound states. • Γ(t→Wb) ~ 100% • Γ(W →lν)=1/3, Γ(W→qq’)=2/3 • Top events identified by decay products: • tt → Wb Wb → lvb lvb • “dileptonic” • Low background rates • Γ = 10.3% • tt → Wb Wb → lvb jjb • “lepton+jets” • Manageable background • Γ = 43.5% • tt → Wb Wb → jjb jjb • “hadronic” or “all jets” • High multijet background rates • Γ = 46.2%

6. Tevatron Measurements Kidonakis + Vogt: σ = 6.8 ± 0.6 pb Cacciari et al:σ = 6.7 ± 0.7 pb CDF,mt = 170 GeV: σ = 7.7 ± 0.9 pb CDF, mt = 175 GeV: σ = 7.3 ± 0.9 pb CDF Cross Section • Dilepton:Largest uncertainty on estimate of Z+jet, γ+jet backgrounds. • Lepton+jets:NN exploits kinematics and topology to distinguish ttbar from W+jet, QCD multijet backgrounds. • Lepton+jets: Relies on b-tagging using displaced secondary vertices. Largest uncertainty on εb-tag, W+Njet, QCD multijet backgrounds. • Lepton+jets: Relies on soft lepton b-tag. Main uncertainties are on εb-tag and mistag rate. • MET:Requires missing ET. Selects tau+jets events. Trigger efficiency is dominant systematic uncertainty. • Hadronic:Largest uncertainties are on QCD multijet rate and b-tag rate of multijet events.

7. The ATLAS Detector • Inner Detector surrounded by superconducting solenoid magnet. • Pixel detector, semiconductor tracker, transition radiation tracker. • Momentum and vertex measurements; electron, tau and heavy-flavor identification. • Lead / liquid argon electromagnetic sampling calorimeter. • Electron, photon identification and measurements. • Hadronic calorimeter. • Scintillator-tile barrel calorimeter. • Copper / liquid argon hadronic end-cap calorimeter. • Tungsten / liquid argon forward calorimeter. • Measurements of jet properties. • Air-core toroid magnet • Instrumented with muon chambers. • Muon spectrometer. • Measurement of muon momentum.

8. Cross Section Measurement with ATLAS • LHC starts up in 2008. • L = 1033cm-2s-1 • ~1 top pair per second • Observation of top pair production will be initial landmark for ATLAS. • Use ttbar analysis to understand the detector performance. • Extract jet energy scale. • Determine missing ET and b-tagging performance. • Cross section calculation for LHC: • mt = 175 GeV, √s = 14 TeV • NLO calculation: σ = 803 ± 90 pb • NLO + NLL: σ = 833 +52–39 pb • Bonciani, Catani, Mangano, Nason, hep-ph/9801375 A. Shibata

9. Commissioning Analysis • Designed to perform first observation of top pair production with ATLAS. • L~100 pb-1 • Represents ~ 80,000 top pairs. • Until data is available, Monte Carlo generated events used to develop analysis. • Selection cuts: • Designed to select semileptonic ttbar events with e, μ. • Exactly one isolated e or μ. • pT > 20 GeV • |η| < 2.5 • At least four jets. • First three jets: pT > 40 GeV • Fourth jet: pT > 20 GeV • |η| < 2.5 • missing ET > 20 GeV. • No b-tagging is required.

10. Top Quark and W Boson Masses • mt = 163.4 ± 1.6 (stat) GeV • Generated top mass is 175 GeV. • mW = 78.90 ± 0.5 GeV. • Generated W mass is 80.4 GeV. • Trijet combination with maximal pT represents t→Wb→jjb. • Dijet combination with maximal pT represents W→jj. • Fit mass distribution using Gaussian and polynomial; mean is fitted mass. Cone4

11. kT (D=0.4) Cross Section Studies • ~ 10% of sample used as “data” • ~ 90% of sample used as model • Ldata = 97 pb-1, Ndata ~ 45,000 • LMC = 970 pb-1, NMC ~ 450,000 • Efficiencies for each channel are calculated from Monte Carlo. • Number of background events in “data” is determined using information from Monte Carlo. • Assume εdata = εMC. σ·Γ = 246.0 ± 3.5 (stat) pb From Monte Carlo: σ·Γ = 248.5 pb

12. Summary • Measurement of σtt offers test of pQCD. • Tevatron: • Theoretical calculation, √s = 1.96 TeV: σ = 6.7 ± 0.7 pb • CDF experiment: σ = 7.3 ± 0.9 pb • LHC: • Theoretical calculation, √s = 14 TeV: σ = 833 +52–39 pb • ATLAS analyses currently performed using Monte Carlo generated events. • Optimization of event selection and reconstruction, and evaluation of systematic errors is underway. • Measurement of σtt with ATLAS is scheduled for LHC startup in 2008.

13. Backup Slides

14. Tevatron Top Mass

15. Tevatron Cross Section Measurements L = 1032cm-2s-1, √s = 1.96 TeV

16. Atlantis Atlantis is an event display designed for the ATLAS experiment.

17. Statistical Error on ε and σ • Error on efficiency: δε= √(ε (1- ε) / Ni) • δNe = √Ne, δNμ = √Nμ • δσe = δNe / Ldata εe • δσμ= δNμ/ Ldata εμ • δσ = √(δσe2 + δσμ2)