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Reproductive Procedures and Disorders

This document provides a detailed overview of key reproductive procedures, including laparoscopy, mastectomy, and male sterilization (vasectomy). It covers significant female reproductive disorders like endometriosis and cervical cancer, as well as male concerns such as benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). Additionally, it discusses sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) like genital herpes and outlines various contraception methods, including their effectiveness. This resource is essential for healthcare workers and those seeking to understand reproductive health.

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Reproductive Procedures and Disorders

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  1. Reproductive Procedures and Disorders

  2. LAPAROSCOPY • Performed unnder anesthesia • Abdomen is distended with carbon dioxide gas to make organs easier to see • Tube with a light on it is inserted through tiny incision • Can remove tissue with laparoscope

  3. Laparoscopy

  4. Breast Procedures • MASTECTOMY – surgical removal of the breast • MAMMOGRAM – breast x-ray to detect tumors recommended annually for women  40

  5. Male Procedures • VASECTOMY – male sterilization, removal of part of the vas deferens • CIRCUMCISION – surgical removal of the foreskin

  6. Female Reproductive Disorders

  7. Mastitis • Inflammation of the breast • Bacteria enter through the nipple • Infection begins in one lobule but may spread

  8. Endometriosis • Endometrial tissue found outside the uterus • Abnormal patches of the uterine lining • Results in internal bleeding, inflammation of surrounding areas and formation of scar tissue, dysmenorrhea, infertility, heavy or irregular bleeding • Cause – unknown

  9. Endometriosis

  10. Cervical Cancer • Detected by a PAP SMEAR (PAPANICOLAOU) -sample of cell scrapings taken for microscopic study • Should be done annually • Rx – early detection, hysterectomy, chemotherapy and radiation

  11. Normal Cervix

  12. Cervical Cancer

  13. Toxic Shock Syndrome • Bacterial infection caused by staphylococcus • Symptoms – fever, rash, hypotension • Cause – use of tampons • Rx – antibiotics

  14. Male Reproductive Disorders

  15. BPH (BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY) • Enlarged prostate • More than half of men in their sixties and 90% of men in their seventies have some symptoms • Prostate enlarges but capsule does not, causing prostate to clamp down on urethra. • This causes the bladder to become irritable, causing urinary frequency

  16. Diagnosis and Tx of BPH • Diagnosis by rectal exam, ultrasound, and cystoscopy • Tx– usually prostatectomy – laser surgery, sometimes no Tx

  17. Sexually Transmitted Diseases

  18. GENITAL HERPES • Viral • Burning sensation with small blisters on genitalia • Symptoms disappear after 2 weeks but will continue to reappear throughout the lifetime of the individual • Females – may need a c-section to prevent infection of newborn during childbirth

  19. Genital Herpes

  20. Contraception

  21. Contraception • Methods of preventing pregnancy • Some instances, some degree of protection against STDs. • Understanding required for practice as a health care worker.

  22. Contraceptive Effectiveness • MethodEffectiveness • Abstinence 100% • Sterilization 100% • Birth Control pills 95-99% • IUD 93-99% • Diaphragm 90-99% • Condom 85-97% • Spermacides, Douching, Withdrawal and Rhythm ???-85%

  23. Sterilization • Male – VASECTOMY (Vas Deferens) • Female – TUBAL LIGATION (Fallopian Tube)

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