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Soil is more than dirt

Soil is more than dirt. We covered the biotic part food web of a healthy soil But what about the abiotic part? Mineral, rock, clay, sand, loam, loess, humus “ mollisols ” prairie soil C deep grass roots Black and rich in warm moist tall grass prairies. Midwest rich in mollisols.

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Soil is more than dirt

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  1. Soil is more than dirt • We covered the biotic part • food web of a healthy soil • But what about the abiotic part? • Mineral, rock, clay, sand, loam, loess, humus “mollisols” prairie soil • C deep grass roots • Black and rich • in warm moist • tall grass prairies

  2. Midwest rich in mollisols

  3. Nielsen and Hole, 1963

  4. Soil Layers • Shaped by history and the weather • Glacial loess, river wash • Microbial activity ~ temperature • Microbial activity ~ water • Microbial activity ~ biomass from grass • Microbial activity ~ releases minerals • Sandy soil, low microbes, • Water available but no holding power

  5. Home on the Range Chapter 5

  6. Tablelands

  7. Grassland & Savannah Birds • Migration patterns • Reproductive cycles • Habitat preferences • Food requirements • Wait for Aaron’s lecture • but have a look and a listen locally

  8. http://www.chicagowilderness.org/pubprod/atlaspdf/chap3.pdf

  9. Extinct Species • Passenger Pigeon • at one time the population was thought to be in the billions • flew in enormous flocks • John Audubon estimated on flock he saw at over one billion

  10. Passenger Pigeon • large flocks would strip all the foliage • leaving the area bare • people declared war on the birds • killing all they could find

  11. Passenger Pigeon • captured the young and killed them, shipped them to cities as food • flocks soon disappeared • NY, PA and MA passed laws to protect them

  12. Passenger Pigeon • laws were too late • birds held in captivity would not breed • last known passenger pigeon died in the Cincinnati Zoo in 1914

  13. Passenger Pigeon • body of last passenger pigeon is on display at the Smithsonian Institute in Washington, DC

  14. Endangered Birds • there are 124 birds on the endangered species list. • The most common are the whooping crane, bald eagle, ivory-billed woodpecker, and prairie chicken.

  15. Prairie Chickens • is a type of grouse • Indian dances imitated their mating dances • oil drilling and drought dwindled the population • in 1959 the Prairie Chicken Foundation was formed to protect them

  16. Endangered Mammals • 133 on the endangered list distributed by the US Dept. of the Interior

  17. Common endangered • big horn sheep, polar bears, • key deer, wolves • mountain lions • most hunted extensively without considering extinction

  18. Endanger Fish • there are 25 fish on endangered species list • 2 species are located in Mammoth Caves and Death Valley (pupfish and blind fish)

  19. Buffalo or Bison? What would each side say?

  20. Bison, often called ‘American bison’; there is also a European bison; Binomial, scientific name: Bison bison B. bison is distinctive for its horns, humped back and head fur Asian water buffalo, Bubalus bubalus bubalis Buffalo, several species African buffalo, Syncerus caffer is distinctive for its helmet-like horns and ferocity Scientific Classification

  21. Hierarchical classification of species B. bison • Kingdom: Animalia •   Phylum: Chordata [spinal chord] • Class: Mammalia [suckle young on milk] •       Order:Artiodactyla •         Family:Bovidae •           Subfamily:Bovinae [related to cows] •             Genus:Bison

  22. American bison European bison http://www.ultimateungulate.com/Cetartiodactyla/Bovinae.html

  23. Jordan Creek Bison Farm Quynn Kapfer Marta McCormick Matt Stefani Lisa Schooley Jeff White Jordon CreekBison Farm, 1837 Jordan Creek Road, Solon, IA 52333

  24. Strengths, Opportunities, and Threats • STRENGTHS • Buffalo meat has a large nutritional value. • Buffalo meat is a specialty meat that is now beginning to break into the market. • Low fat, low cholesterol, high protein red meat • Can be cooked in various ways and available in different cuts • Extreme health benefits compared to common meats • Richer flavor compared to common meats. situational analysis

  25. THE INTERAGENCY BISON MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK AND MONTANA

  26. The Interagency Bison Management Plan . . .

  27. IBMP PURPOSE Maintain a wild, free-ranging population of bison. Address the risk of brucellosis transmission ... to protect the economic interest and viability of the livestock industry in the state of Montana.

  28. INTERIOR IN WINTER

  29. NORTHERN RANGE IN WINTER

  30. Winter movements of bison on the northern range are most likely to be in a northerly direction (towards lower elevations) in large numbers.

  31. Benefits of prairie grazing • Promotes species diversity • Increases light availability to plants, promoting photosynthesis and growth • Can change species composition • Decreases woody plant growth while promoting grazing-tolerant plants.

  32. Disadvantages of large grazers in the Arboretum • Interferes with human usage • Difficult to rotate grazing areas • Maintenance cost of large grazers • Cattle are not as effective grazers as bison • Mowing is an easier alternative

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