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Transport

Transport. Absorption and circulation of materials. Aim: How do materials enter and exit the cell?. Transport: Absorption and circulation of materials. Nutrients enter cells through diffusion Structure of the Cell Membrane: “Phospholipid Bi-layer” Made of proteins and lipids.

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Transport

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  1. Transport • Absorption and circulation of materials

  2. Aim: How do materials enter and exit the cell? • Transport: • Absorption and circulation of materials. • Nutrients enter cells through diffusion • Structure of the Cell Membrane: • “Phospholipid Bi-layer” • Made of proteins and lipids

  3. Cell Membrane: Semi/selectively permeable Small molecules diffuse through membrane Regulates movement of materials into and out of the cell based on size Fluid Mosaic Model:

  4. Fluid Mosaic Model

  5. Methods of Transport • Passive Transport a.k.a Diffusion: • No energy needed • Movement from High to Low concentration until equilibrium

  6. Movement of materials from highlow concentration. Continues until equilibrium is reached Diffusion

  7. Diffusion of liquids

  8. Small Molecules that diffuse through cell membranes • Oxygen • Carbon dioxide • Water • Nutrients (simple sugars, amino acids)

  9. Osmosis • Diffusion of H2O • High low concentration

  10. Active Transport (Needs ATP) • Energy is needed to move materials • Low high concentration • Against concentration gradient • No equilibrium reached

  11. Active Transport • Phagocytosis • Cell engulfs undissolved molecules • Pinocytosis • Cell membrane pinches in and absorbs dissolved molecules.

  12. Phagocytosis: Ameba engulfing food

  13. Transport of Water in Cells 1. Place a cell in salt water - water moves out of the cell – cell shrinks - less water outside the cell – water moves out

  14. Salt Shrinks!

  15. 2. Place cell in distilled (pure) water -water moves into the cell ` -cell swells (could burst) • less water in the cell • - water moves in

  16. What would occur if a solution of salt H2O or distilled (pure) water was added to a cell? • Adding a salt solution: • Since the concentration of H2O is higher inside the cell, the water flows outward to the area of low concentration. The water rushes out, the cell shrinks. • Adding distilled (pure) water • Since the concentration of H2O is higher outside of the cell, the water flows inward to the area of low concentration. The water rushes in, the cell could eventually burst.

  17. What happens to cells when placed in different solutions?

  18. Animal Cells shrivel like slugs in a salt solution because water leaves the cell!

  19. Plant Cells also change when placed in solutions!

  20. Transport in Lower Organisms -ex. Ameba, paramecium 1. Diffusion 2. Osmosis 3. Cyclosis 4. Endoplasmic Reticulum

  21. Transport in Plants vascular tissue: (veins) -xylem – transports water upwards - phloem – transports food in both directions

  22. Roots: • Located under the ground. Provide support, anchorage, and absorb water. • Root hairs: • Increase surface area for water absorption. • Capillary Action: • Pulls H2O up in the xylem tubes. • This is because of adhesion and cohesion. • Adhesion- attraction between different molecules. • Cohesion- Attraction between like molecules. • H2O holds on to another H2O molecule.

  23. Adhesion Cohesion

  24. Chapter 12- Human Transport • Blood • Liquid tissue • Transport medium • Contains: • Plasma • Red Blood cells (RBC) • White Blood cells (WBC) • Platelets

  25. Plasma • Liquid portion of the blood, mostly water. • Contains nutrients, wastes, proteins • Proteins enzymes, hormones, and antibodies.

  26. Red Blood Cells (RBC- Erythrocytes) • Most numerous blood cell • Lack a nucleus when mature • Disc-shaped • Carries oxygen (O2) & carbon dioxide(CO2) • Contains hemoglobin-pigment that allows RBC to carry O2 & CO2. • Live for 120 days-broken down in the liver and spleen. • Produced in the bone marrow.

  27. Red Blood Cells

  28. White Blood Cells (WBC- Leukocytes) • Least numerous blood cell • Contains a nucleus • Large, round cell • Protects against infection • Phagocytes • Engulf and destroy bacteria (phagocytosis) • Lymphocytes • Produce antibodies which attack foreign materials called antigens.

  29. White Blood Cells

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