Science and Scientists

1. http://www.amazing-animations.com/animated-construction6.php Science and Scientists Chapter 1 Section 1 http://www.amazing-animations.com/animated-construction6.php

2. I Can Statements • I can describe three methods of investigation. • I can identify the benefits of science in the world around me. • I can describe jobs that use science.

3. What is SCIENCE? There are several correct answers to this question; list as many as you can. http://www.animationgold.com/people4.htm

4. What is SCIENCE? • A way to answer questions & solve problems • How we understand the world around us • A way or process used to investigate what is happening around you • It provides possible answers

5. We answer scientific questions & solve problems with 2 types of research. What are the two types?

6. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH • Based mainly on careful Observations • Used when experiments are impossible to perform • Involves the following: • Stating the research objective • Describing the research design • Eliminating bias

7. Examples of descriptive research are… • Making models • Dissections • Observing animals in the wild

8. For example… How do the survivors of a disaster react to the disaster? No variables; data is based on watching and talking to survivors At 3:05 p.m. on March 18, 1937, a massive natural gas explosion ripped through the school building in New London, Texas, a Rusk County town in the East Texas oil fields. The blast lifted the school off its foundations and sent it crashing back to earth, the entire structure collapsing in a huge pile of brick, steel, and concrete. Despite a frantic rescue effort, more than one half of the students and teachers – some 298 people -- were killed.

9. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH Experimental research includes investigations that: • Have variables • Test hypotheses • May have a control or control group • Is a set of planned steps • Tests one variable at a time

10. Speaking of variables…. What are the three types of variables? • Independent variables • Dependent variables • Controlled variables • Also called constants

11. Independent variables are… • What is being tested • What is being changed • The difference between the groups • The ‘cause’ of a change In an experiment, the one factor that you change (in this case, the fertilizer) is called the independent variable.

12. Dependent variables are… • What is observed • What is measured • The data • The ‘effect’ caused by the independent variable The factor that changes (in this case, growth) as a result of the independent variable is called the dependent variable. Always make sure that there is only one independent variable. If you allow more than one, you will not know what causes the changes you observe in the dependent variable.

13. Controlled variables are… • Things that could change, but don’t • Kept constant by the scientist • Allow for a fair test Many experiments also have a control, a treatment that you can compare with the results of your test groups. In this case, Group A was the control because it was not treated with fertilizer. Group B was the test group. At the end of three weeks, you were able to compare Group A with Group B and draw a conclusion.

14. Why Scientist Ask Why? • Saves Lives

15. Why Ask Why? • Saves Resources

16. Why Ask Why? • Saves the Environment

17. Who is a Scientist? • Any person who asks questions and looks for answers could be called a scientist

18. What Does a Scientist Look Like? Student Stereotypes “…a man who wears a white coat and works in a laboratory…is elderly or middle aged and wears glasses… wears a beard…is surrounded by equipment…[and] spends his days doing experiments” Mead and Mertraux, 1957

19. Ellen Ochoa Astronaut Neil deGrasse Tyson Planetarium Director Donald Bliss Medical Illustrator

20. Joy Crisp Geologist and Project Scientist Dava Newman Aerospace Biomedical Engineer

21. The possibilities grow every day. Many science careers will be created as technology progresses. Who knows what the future holds.

22. Where? Where? Science,Where’s Science? It’s Everywhere! Where? Where?

23. I. Earth Formations

24. Welcome to the 7 Wonders of the World All chosen by geological importance and its popularity with tourists.

25. MOUNTEVEREST Located: Border of Nepal and Tibet Created by: Collision of 2 tectonic plates. The highest is the Himalayas. The range rises about 1 cm/year

26. The Grand Canyon Located: Northwestern Arizona for 277 miles Created by: Erosion of rock by Colorado R. over a period of 6 mya.

27. MATTERHORN Located: Switzerland & Italy Created by: Glaciers formed the horn by eroding rock from the Mtn. as they pushed inward from opposite sides. (14,692 ft.)

28. AYERS ROCK Location: Desert in Central Australia Created by: Plate movement: It rises 1,142 ft. It is composed of red sandstone and is the World’s largest Monolith.

29. Victoria Falls Located: Zambezi R. in S. Africa Drops 355 ft. into a gorge.

30. METEOR CRATER Located: Winslow, Arizona Created by: Meteorite that struck the Earth about 50,000 years ago. *570 ft. deep and 4,180 ft. wide

31. Great Barrier Reef Located: Off the coast of Australia – 1,250 miles long. Created by: Small islands of solid coral. Coral is hardened skeletons of animals called polyps that have died. Billions of live polyps add a brilliant coloring to the reef.

32. II. Living Earth

33. III. Technology

34. Food Cosmetics Clothes Toilets Automobiles Telephones Space Exploration Radio Airplanes Skiing/Snowboarding Television Computers Lights Heat & Air in Homes Jewelry Medicine IV. Benefits of Science

35. Science Is All Around Us Your assignment this year is to come to appreciate it and try to understand it a little bit better. Words and Ideas have already changed the World. Who knows, your idea may be next!

36. Review I can describe three methods of investigation. I can identify the benefits of science in the world around me. I can describe jobs that use science.