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Grade 9 Social Studies

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  1. Grade 9 Social Studies Chapter 5 Prosperity and Depression

  2. The War is Over (1918) • Things did not quickly return to normal why? • Economy changes from wartime to peacetime economy • Europe ’s demand for Canadian goods during the war decreased causing a slump in the economy • Hardest hit were the Maritimes and the Prairies (Fish & Wheat demand declined) • Price of regular goods was going up, but wages were not, causing slow sales • Unemployment went up and many soldiers returning home were out of work.

  3. A Buoyant Economy for Some (1923) • By 1923, Central Canada , BC, and The Prairies, had begun to recover from the economic slump, and entered a period of growth why?

  4. Reasons • Agriculture production increased as the demand went up • Mining activity increased in these areas • Trade with USA increased mostly because of the demand for pulp and paper

  5. Branch Plant Factories(a business owned and controlled by a company in another country) built to avoid tariffs • Changing Technologies increased production: • Technology Changes: • 1) Electricity • 2) Assembly Line • 3) Electric Appliances

  6. Stalled Economy for Others • The Economic boom of the 1920’s did not get to The Maritimes or Newfoundland, why?

  7. Reasons • A decline in shipbuilding after the war • Increased cost of railway freight rates • Lack of electricity in the area, • As a result: • Secondary Industries (Pulp & Paper) slow to develop. • Primary Industries (Farm & Fisheries) exploited (Overused) ** This brought about talks for Maritime Union**

  8. Lifestyle and Technology • The Roaring 20’s - The 1920’s were called this because of the good times and social freedoms. New Technologies brought on mass production

  9. The Haves • In places that prospered, wages increased. People then had more money to spend on new products. • Installment Plans • buy now pay later plans were introduced • as people thought the good times would last for ever, people did not worry about the debt they were gaining.

  10. New Luxury Items for Purchase: • Cars - ownership became possible • Telephones – ¼ families in 1920, by 1929 ¾ of families • Electrical Appliances

  11. The Have Nots • The have nots • those who did not prosper

  12. Who made up the have nots? • Rural Canadians • many worked but had trouble making ends meet (Working Poor) • Immigrants • (Working Poor) • Women • were employed and lost jobs due to the return of the soldiers

  13. First Nations • Government still hoping for assimilation – where first nations would become part of mainstream culture, and give up their own values, beliefs, and cultures. • Assimilation was enforced by government by forcing first nation students into schools where their personal cultures were forbidden.

  14. Leisure/Sport/Changing Attitudes • Leisure activities • included radio and motion pictures (Silent movies) • Sports • included baseball, football, boxing, and hockey • Changing Attitudes • Clubs introduced, dancing, alcohol, and many new types of fashion. All of these things were considered controversial to many.

  15. The Great Depression • Black Tuesday • Oct.29, 1929 • this signified the end of the Roaring 20’s and the beginning of The Great Depression, as The New York Stock Exchange crashed. • Terms to know: • Stock • Share • Dividend • Victory bonds • Interest

  16. Causes • Over spending in the 20’s • Credit was too easy • Over production • Close connection to the US Economy • Decrease in International Trade • Bank Failures • Unemployment Grew

  17. Depression lasted most of the 1930’s, and only recovered with the start of World War II.

  18. Social Conditions • Unemployment ruined lives • Disadvantaged groups conditions worsened • Luxury items almost all but disappeared • People were homeless and hungry • No Government programs to help those in need

  19. People in need resorted to: • Begging • Working in relief camps to help build roads etc. • Some became hobos and rode the rails

  20. Escape From Hard Times • Children found ways to entertain themselves (imagination) • These were times of creativity and resourcefulness

  21. Political Changes • Canadians lost faith in Political parties • New parties were formed as result • New parties brought new ideas

  22. New Political Parties 1) Communist Party • all people share in the prosperity equally 2) Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) • a coalition of farmers, labor union leaders, and professors, they believed in private ownership and government services

  23. 3) Social Credit Party • felt the Government should hand over money to people to get the economy moving again. 4) National Party of Quebec • a group of former Liberals and Conservatives who had ideas for change to the end the Depression

  24. Note: • None of these parties ways ended the depression, times just gradually started to improve due to WWII

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