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Ch. 37 Insects

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  1. Ch. 37 Insects • Most diverse and largest number of species of any class of organism. • They were present on earth before the dinosaurs, over 300 million years ago. • Differences from other arthropods • 1. 3 body segments  head, thorax, abdomen • Video

  2. 2. Head has 1 pair of antennae • 3. Thorax has 3 pairs of legs & 1 or 2 pair of wings. • 4. No wings or legs attached to the abdomen. • Video

  3. Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Arthropoda • Class: Insecta (700,000 + species named) • What makes insect so successful? • Lots of them – adapt very well • Great diversity – several types • Reproduce rapidly • Small size & ability to fly (most)

  4. Benefit of insects? • 1. Pollination – plants can’t reproduce without insects. We need plants to survive. • 2. Food – for other animals. Several animals rely on insects as a source of food. • 3. Industrial uses – silk & honey • Video • What is the study of insects called? (E.C) • Entomology

  5. Grasshopper  External Structures • 3 Body Parts: • 1. Head • Labium – grasps the food ( bottom lip) • Mandible – chews the food (jaws) • Labrum – holds the food (upper lip) • Maxilla – extra jaws • 2. Thorax • 3 pairs of legs (6 total) • 2 pair of wings usually

  6. 3 parts to the thorax • 1. Prothorax – pair of walking legs • 2. Mesothorax. – pair of walking legs • 3. Metathorax – pair of jumping legs • Forewings are attached to the mesothorax • Hindwings are attached to the metathorax

  7. 3. Abdomen • Spiracle – for respiration • Tympanum – for hearing (eardrum) • Ovipositors – holds it eggs

  8. GrasshopperInternal Structures • Digestive System • What do grasshoppers eat? • What are the mouth parts? • Food passage: esophaguscrop (storage) gizzard (grind) midgut (digested) hindgut (rectum & colon)  out the anus

  9. Circulatory System • Open Circulatory System • An aorta is a large vessel that carries the blood on the dorsal side. • 2 Hearts along the aorta

  10. Respiratory System • No lungs or gills • Use spiracles – openings along the abdomen • The spiracles lead to the trachea • Nervous System • Brain connected to a ventral nerve cord • Has simple and complex eyes

  11. Have antennae • Tympanum for sensing sound • Reproductive System • The male deposits sperm into the seminal receptacle, which stores the sperm. • The female uses its ovipositors to deposit her eggs in the ground.

  12. Types of Metamorphosis • Incomplete Metamorphosis • 1. Egg • 2. Nymph – immature form of an adult • 3. Adult – able to reproduce (wings)

  13. Complete Metamorphosis • 1. Egg • 2. Larvae – caterpillar stage • 3. Pupa – cocoon protects the pupa • 4. Adult – emerges from the pupa (butterfly)

  14. Defenses of Insects • What ways do insects use defenses? • 1. Stinger or bite – bee, wasp, ants • 2. Camouflage – blend into their surroundings. • Ex. Grasshopper, praying mantis • 3. Warning coloration – alert other animals that the insect might be poisonous. • Video

  15. Insect Behavior • Division of Labor among Bees • 1. Worker bee – female bees, most abundant. (8,000) - sterile • 2. Drone – male bees (100) • 3. Queen bee – the only fertile female • CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH BEE

  16. The worker bee produces royal jelly to feed the queen bee • The worker also secretes wax to make the hive. • The produces a pheromone called queen factor, which makes the other females sterile. • Round Dance – tells the other bees food is within 50 meters • Waggle Dance – tells the other bees food is greater than 50 meters. • Video

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