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Ch 37 1-7

Ch 37 1-7. Community. Interactions within a community. 4 properties that define a community Diversity Dominant organism Stability Trophic structure. 1. Diversity . Species Richness vs. Relative abundance. 2. Dominant Organism. Terrestrial Aquatic. 3. Stability vs. resiliency.

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Ch 37 1-7

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  1. Ch 37 1-7

  2. Community

  3. Interactions within a community • 4 properties that define a community • Diversity • Dominant organism • Stability • Trophic structure

  4. 1. Diversity • Species Richness vs. Relative abundance

  5. 2. Dominant Organism • Terrestrial • Aquatic

  6. 3. Stability vs. resiliency • More stability = less resilience. • Grasslands would be savannahs if fires didn’t occur so often.

  7. 4. Trophic Structure • Autotrophs (Producer) • Heterotrophs (Consumers) • Decomposers

  8. Producer/Autotroph • Phototroph or chemotroph

  9. Heterotroph/Consumer • Herbivore • Omnivore • Carnivore

  10. Decomposer

  11. What ties a community together?

  12. 1. Competition • Interspecific • Intraspecific

  13. Interspecific • Between different species

  14. Competitive Exclusion • 2 species cannot coexist within a community if their niches are the same……one must win or they both have low growth rate

  15. Intraspecific

  16. 2. Predation • Ways to avoid predation…. • Camouflage • Chemical defense • Mimicry

  17. a gray tree frog on bark.

  18. Camouflaged Solomon’s frog.

  19. Camouflaged frogs on tree.

  20. Camouflaged relative of the grasshopper.

  21. Camouflaged Spur-Winged Plover and her eggs.

  22. Camouflaged flounder.

  23. Chemical defenses: the poison-arrow frog.

  24. Batesian Mimicry • BatesianMimicry: harmless species has evolved to imitate the warning signals of a harmful species directed at a common predator. • Paletablemimics unpaletable

  25. Mullerian Mimicry • Two or more poisonous species mimic each others warning signals. • Non palatable mimics non palatable

  26. Is this predation?

  27. 0 37.6 EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Herbivory leads to diverse adaptations in plants • Herbivory is not usually fatal • Plants must expend energy to replace the loss • Plants have numerous defenses against herbivores • Spines and thorns • Chemical toxins

  28. Coevolution:a change in one species causes an adaptive change in a second species, which affects the effectiveness of the original adaption of the first species.

  29. Ex: Heliconius butterfly and Passifloravine

  30. Can you think of another example?

  31. 3. Symbiotic Relationships:Mutualism +/+

  32. Commensalism +/0

  33. Parasitism

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