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Chapter 21 Section 3

Chapter 21 Section 3. Presidents Back Progressive Goals. A R eforming President. 1896- Republican President William McKinley is elected President McKinley popularity soared as business boomed. President contd. Business expanded and unemployment fell

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Chapter 21 Section 3

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  1. Chapter 21Section 3 Presidents Back Progressive Goals

  2. A Reforming President • 1896- Republican President William McKinley is elected President • McKinley popularity soared as business boomed

  3. President contd. • Business expanded and unemployment fell • By 1900 McKinley realized that Progressive were gaining strength. With this in mind he chose Theodore Roosevelt as his running mate

  4. “TR” • Teddy Roosevelt or TR came from a wealthy New York family. As a child he was often sick but lifted weights, ran, and boxed • Roosevelt supported many Progressive goals and hated corruption. He believed government should protect public interest

  5. Rough and Tumble Politics • By age 26 Roosevelt was serving in the New York State legislature • Tragically his mother and wife died on the same day

  6. Tumble contd. • He quit politics and moved to a cattle ranch in present day North Dakota • 2 year later TR returned east • He served on the Civil Service Commission • 1898 Roosevelt signed up to fight the war against Spain • 1898 he was elected governor of New York

  7. Reform Governor • Roosevelt pushed for reform • He was call a goo goo, a nickname for someone who wanted good government • Sept. 1901 an assassin shot and killed President McKinley, Roosevelt become President

  8. Good and Bad Trusts • TR thought the good trusts should be left alone • TR thought the government should either control or break up the trusts that cheated the public and took advantage of its workers

  9. The Northern Securities Case • This was Roosevelt government test case • 1902 TR ordered the Attorney General to bring a lawsuit against the Northern Securities Case • This giant trust had been put together by J.P. Morgan • TR argued that Northern Securities used unfair practices in violation of the Sherman Act.

  10. Case contd. • Other businesses worried because they operated like Northern Securities. If its practices were illegal so were theirs • Ordinary people supported the President

  11. A Victory for Roosevelt • The Supreme Court found that Northern Securities had violated the Sherman Antitrust Act by limiting trade • It ordered the trust to be broken up • The decision showed the effects of the Progressive Movement

  12. Victory contd. - TR then ordered the Attorney General to file suit against other trusts that had broken the law • Some business leader referred to TR as a trustbuster • Trustbuster- someone who wanted to destroy all trusts

  13. Trouble in Coal Fields • TR crashed with the mine owners • 1902 coal miners in Pennsylvania went on strike • They wanted better pay and a shorter work day

  14. Coal contd. • As winter approached schools and hospitals ran out of coal • TR threatened to send troops in to run the mines • As a result owners sat down with the union and reached and agreement

  15. Coal contd. • Working people around the country cheered • Other Presidents used troops to break strikes • TR was the first to side with labor against mine owners

  16. The Promise of a Square Deal • 1904 Roosevelt runs for President promising American a square deal • Square Deal- all Americans should have equal opportunity to succeed • The promise helped TR win by a landslide

  17. Regulating Railroads • TR knew the ICC had done little to end rebated and other abuses of the railroad • Elkins Act: 1903 outlawed rebated • Hepburn Act: 1906 gave the ICC greater power including the right to set railroad rates

  18. Protecting Consumers • TR read Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle; as a result he sent more inspectors to meatpacking houses • Owners refused to let inspectors in • TR sent newspapers copies of government report supporting Sinclair’s pictures of the meatpacking industry

  19. Consumers contd. • 1906 Congress passes the Meat Inspection Act: it forced meat packing to open their doors to inspectors • Muckrakers had revealed that the food industry was adding dangerous chemicals to canned foods

  20. Consumers contd. • Pure Food and Drug Act: required food and rug makers to list all ingredients on their packages • Also tried to end false advertisement • Ban the use of impure ingredients

  21. Protecting Natural Resources • TR loved the outdoors • He was alarmed about the destruction of the wilderness • Conservation: protection of natural resources • Some forest and mountain areas should be left as wilderness • He wanted lumber companies to replants trees

  22. Taft and Reformers • 1908 TR supported William Taft in the Presidential election • TR then left for a year to hunt big game in Africa

  23. Taft vs. TR • Taft was very different from TR • Like TR, Taft supported Progressive causes • He pushed ahead with trust busting • Taft lost support of the Progressives when he signed a tariff bill that Progressive opposed and he blocked conservation policies they supported • TR returned from Africa to find out reformers felt Taft betrayed them

  24. Taft vs. TR contd. • TR decides to run against Taft in the 1912 Republican Primary

  25. “Strong as a Bull Moose” • Many Republican business people distrusted TR so they chose Taft as their candidate • Progressive Republicans were furious and marched out of the Convention • They set up their own party, the Progressive Party • They chose TR to run for President • TR said “I feel as strong as a bull” He and his supporters became known as the Bull Moose Party

  26. A Democratic Victory • Democrats chose Woodrow Wilson, a progressive as their candidate • Wilson won the election on 1912 • Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican votes helping Wilson to win by getting mostly all Democrats votes

  27. The New Freedom • New Freedom: Wilson’s program to split up trusts and restore competition • He pushed for a lower tariff to increase competition from foreigners • Congress imposed a graduate income tax • Federal Reserve Act: passed to regulate banking

  28. Controlling Big Business • Wilson realized he could not break up large corporations just try and control them • Federal Trade Commission: they had power to investigate companies and order them to stop using unfair business • Clayton Antitrust Act: banned some business practices limiting competition and barred antitrust laws from being used against unions

  29. Big Business contd. • After 1914 the Progressive Era slowed • They had reached many of their goals and war in Europe caught American attention

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