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Wednesday/Thursday: December 5 th and 6 th

Happy Block Day! Going over the African Slave Trade today Friday- Columbian Exchange- Sugar and Chocolate Please get out your warm ups to start class. Wednesday/Thursday: December 5 th and 6 th. Turn to the second page of your warm-up

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Wednesday/Thursday: December 5 th and 6 th

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  1. Happy Block Day! • Going over the African Slave Trade today • Friday- Columbian Exchange- Sugar and Chocolate • Please get out your warm ups to start class Wednesday/Thursday: December 5th and 6th

  2. Turn to the second page of your warm-up • You will find a poem titled, “Pity for Poor Africans (1788)William Cowper” • Please answer these questions as you read it: • Stanza One: How does Cowper feel about slavery initially? • Stanza Two: Why does Cowper choose to be quiet about his opinions on the slave trade? • Stanza Three: What does Cowper call blacks? Why? • Stanza Four: Does Cowper convince you to end slavery, or keep it going? Warm Up

  3. I am shock'd at the purchase of slaves,And fear those who buy them and sell them are knaves;What I hear of their hardships, their tortures, and groansIs almost enough to draw pity from stones.I pity them greatly, but I must be mum,For how could we do without sugar and rum?Especially sugar, so needful we see?What? give up our desserts, our coffee, and tea!Besides, if we do, the French, Dutch, and Danes,Will heartily thank us, no doubt, for our pains;If we do not buy the poor creatures, they will,And tortures and groans will be multiplied still.If foreigners also would give up the trade,Much more on behalf of your wish might be said;But while they get riches by purchasing blacks,Please tell me why they may not give up snacks? Pity for Poor Africans (1788)William Cowper

  4. About the African Slave Trade???? What do you know…

  5. The African Slave Trade

  6. To understand the motives for using slaves as labor • To analyze the results of the Middle passage had on African population and culture • To evaluate the influence of the triangle trade • BIG QUESTION: Why did slavery even start???? Learning Goals:

  7. Written by historian Kenneth Pomeranz in his book “Economic Culture of Drugs” “The fact is that historically, goods considered drugs, that is, products ingested, smoked, sniffed or drunk to produce an altered state of being, have been central to exchange and production… History Mystery:

  8. Drugsgs?

  9. Written by historian Kenneth Pomeranz in his book “Economic Culture of Drugs” “In the seventeenth century affluent people all over the world began to drink, smoke and eat exotic plants that came from long distances. Coffee, tea, cocoa, tobacco and sugar all became popular at roughly the same time… Before long, most the drug foods were being produced in new, distant parts of the world that Europeans had colonized… Colonial empires were built on the foundation of drug trades” Continued Quote…

  10. The African Slave Trade

  11. Video Clip 1: An Introduction

  12. African slavery began during the 7th century with the rise of Islam. • Slavery was justified with the belief that non-Muslim prisoners of war could be bought and sold as slaves. • Between 650 and 1600, 4.8 million Africans (mostly prisoners and criminals) were bought and sold as slaves. • Later it became anyone they could capture. African Slavery Origins

  13. The first explorers were the Portuguese during the 1400s. • At first, the Portuguese were more interested in finding gold, but that changed with the colonization of the Americas. Exploration of Africa

  14. European colonists forced the Native Americans to work in mines and plantations. • As the Natives began dying from disease and warfare, the Europeans became desperate for workers. Why Africans?

  15. Indian slaves working the fields

  16. Native American drawing of smallpox • Native American populations were decimated. • More than 1/3 of the total Native American population died from smallpox, measles or other European disease.

  17. Native American Small Pox Epidemic

  18. Europeans used the tribal chiefs first • Give them prisoners of war • Paid them $$$ • Traded tobacco and alcohol/rum for slaves • Europeans often stayed there to oversee the slave trade How did Europeans capture the slaves?

  19. Clip 2: Europeans and Existing Slave Trade

  20. King of Kongo and European Ambassadors

  21. Many Africans had already been exposed to European disease and built up immunity to them. • Africans had experience in farming. • Africans had no familiar tribes in which to hide so they were less likely to escape. Advantages of using Africans

  22. Major Slave Trade Destinations Red Sea – 6% Trans-Sahara – 19% East Africa & Indian Ocean – 6% Trans-Atlantic – 69% Shaded areas show regions most slaves come from

  23. Destinations of African Slaves

  24. Slaves in Africa waiting for transportation

  25. The Middle Passage

  26. Middle passage under horrific conditions • 4-6 week voyage • Mortality initially high, often over 50%, eventually declined to 5% • Total slave traffic, 15th-18th c.: 12 million • Approximately 3-4 million killed before arrival The Middle Passage (Africa-Americas)

  27. African Slave Export per Year

  28. Europeans crammed as many slaves as they could fit into the slave ships. Africans were whipped and beaten by merchants. Diseases swept through the vessel. The smell of blood, sweat, and excrement filled the vessel. Captives were surrounded by vomit and human waste. Travel Conditions

  29. An 11 yr old African sold into slavery made this voyage known as the Middle Passage. • “…with the loathsome of the stench, and crying together, I became so sick and low that I was not able to eat…” Olaudah Equiano

  30. Equiano

  31. Many Africans died aboard the slave ships from disease or cruel treatment from merchants. • Many committed suicide by jumping into the ocean, rather than be enslaved. • 20% of Africans aboard each slave ships died during the brutal trip to the Americas. • The voyage typically lasted 3-4 months. • Many times, there would be more than 600 slaves on the ship. Death

  32. Open up your Warm Ups Turn to document 1 & document 2 Read these two documents and answer the questions that follow You will be making a journal later as a project at the end of class, so read carefully. You have about 15-20 minutes. We will discuss this after  Activity:

  33. The Triangle Trade

  34. Triangle Trade

  35. Ledger of Sugar Shipments

  36. Traders left from Europe with a ship loaded with goods to Africa. • Traders exchanged these goods for captured Africans. • Africans were then transported across the Atlantic Ocean and sold in the West Indies. • Merchants bought sugar, coffee, and tobacco to sell in Europe. Triangular Trade

  37. Merchants carried rum and other goods from the New England colonies to Africa. • They exchanged merchandise for Africans. • The traders took the slaves to the West Indies and sold them for sugar and molasses. • Then they sold these goods to rum producers in New England. Another triangular trade route

  38. The Atlantic slave trade, 1500-1800

  39. Clip 3: Triangular Trade

  40. Notice that the artist tries to ‘dehumanize’ the captives by not showing their faces.

  41. Brazilian slave market

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