Florida 4-H Camp Counselor Training

1. Florida 4-H Camp Counselor Training Understanding the Needs of 4-H Campers -Developmental Characteristics of 4-H Campers

2. Developmental Characteristics • Physical • Social • Emotional • Intellectual

3. Development Influences • Parents • Caregivers • Teachers • Peers • Environment • Extended Family • Community • Media • Heredity

4. Principles of Development • Development is orderly, not random. • Development is a continuous and gradual process. • Development is most rapid during the early stages of infancy and the adolescent years. • Not all children develop at the same pace. • Not all children possess the same temperament. • Development occurs within a larger context. • Development is a multi-faceted concept.

5. Physical Characteristics of 6-8 Year Olds • Mastering physical skills – large and small muscles. • Has better control over large than small muscles. • Very active Implications: • Projects could get messy. • Activities need to be active! • Plan hands on active experiences. • Focus on large muscle activities. • Make activities doable for beginners.

6. Social Characteristics of 6-8 Year Olds • May have many friends at a time. • More aware of peers and opinions. • Boys begin to separate from girls. • Focused on self but learning about empathy. Implications: • Small groups are effective – encourage interaction. • Role play can help build empathy. • Help each child achieve success.

7. Emotional Characteristics of 6-8 Year Olds • Fairness is “being nice to others so they’ll be nice in return.” • Family is primary focus and source of stability. • When away from family, the leader may become a central figure. • Avoids punishment and sensitive to criticism. Implications: • Use cooperative games where everyone wins. • Show adult approval. • Be available to discuss fears.

8. Intellectual Characteristics of 6-8 Year Olds • Concrete thinking – based on what they know. • More interested in doing things than the end result. • Learning to sort and categorize. • Need to focus on one thing at a time. Implications: • Enjoy being read to. • Provide activities that center on doing rather than the finished product. • Demonstrate the activity – rather than just talk about it. • Plan short activities. • Allow for exploration and inquiry.

9. Physical Characteristics of 9-11 Year Olds • Better large muscle control and eye/hand coordination. • Very active – can’t sit still. • Gender differences in maturation. • May be uncomfortable with body image. Implications: • Plan opportunities to move bodies – active learning experiences. • Vary activities to accommodate differences. • Avoid boy/girl competition. • Hands on activities preferred.

10. Social Characteristics of 9-11 Year Olds • Join clubs and groups – loyalty to friends/groups. • Like to be in groups of others similar to themselves. • Prefer same sex groups. • Like to make others happy • Concerned with fairness and rules. • Still self-centered. Implications: • Give them freedom within structured limits. • Plan time to spend with friends. • Assist groups to form for activities. • Encourage them to negotiate rules prior to an activity. • Reinforce positive communication and negotiation skills.

11. Emotional Characteristics of 9-11 Year Olds • Want to feel valued and needed. • Want to act grown up. • Beginning to question parental authority. • Look to adults for guidance and approval. • May be moody. Implications: • Give correction quietly and one-to-one. • Help them identify successes. • Never play favorites. • Give specific positive feedback. • Recognize unique abilities. • Redirect inappropriate behavior.

12. Intellectual Characteristics of 9-11 Year Olds • Like to be involved in planning. • Until 11, thinking concretely but then begin to understand new ideas. • Like collecting and hobbies. • Want to learn adult skills and make useful products. Implications: • Encourage belief and value exploration. • Encourage goal setting. • Provide opportunities to learn “real-life” skills. • Help youth form groups to explore similar hobbies and collections.

13. Physical Characteristics of 12-14 YearOlds • Many physical changes - Hand/feet, nose/ears may grow faster than arms/legs. • May be concerned about physical appearance. • Wide range of development • between genders. Implications: • Avoid boy/girl competition. • Accept that physical appearance is very important. • Avoid activities that could cause • Embarrassment about their bodies. • Be patient and supportive.

14. Social Characteristics of 12-14 Year Olds • Seek peer recognition. • Interested in opposite sex. • Search for role models. • Desire to conform to group. Implications: • Provide opportunities for genders to mix in groups. • Engage them in setting their own rules and consequences. • Help them find information and resources.

15. Emotional Characteristics of 12-14 Year Olds • Compare themselves to others. • See themselves as “on-stage”. • Concerned about peer acceptance. • Want privacy and independence from adults. • Is easily embarrassed. Implications: • Avoid comparing to each other – performance should be compared to past performance. • Avoid putting them ‘on the spot” whether commending or criticizing. • Provide opportunities to practice independence within structured limits – expect follow through. • Encourage youth and adults to work together.

16. Intellectual Characteristics of 12-14 Year Olds • Concerned with justice and equality. • Learning abstract thinking. • Understand cause and effect. • Can handle in-depth, long-term projects. • Challenge assumptions. Implications: • Encourage them to predict “what might happen if”. • Involve them in making program decisions. • Provide opportunities to make choices and discuss decisions.

17. Physical Characteristics of 15-18 Year Olds • Concerned about body image • Exhibit smaller range in size and maturity among peers • Tend to have realistic view of limits to which body can be tested Implications: • Be willing to answer questions • Avoid comments that criticize or compare youth • Set a good example for health and physical fitness

18. Social Characteristics of 15-18 Year Olds • Tend to romanticize sexuality but moving toward better understanding of reality • Search for intimacy; test sexual attractiveness • Makes commitments and can follow through • Desire respect; wants adult leadership roles • Are apt to reject goals set by others Implications: • Let them plan own programs • Establish climate that is conducive to peer support • Emphasize personal development and leadership

19. Emotional Characteristics of 15-18 Year Olds • Desire respect • Accepting their own uniqueness but still seek approval from peers • Look for confidence of others in their decisions • Developing own set of values and beliefs • Gaining autonomy; introspective • Can initiate and carry out tasks without supervision Implications: • Let teens assume responsibility – expect them to follow through • Help them explore identity, values, beliefs • Help them develop individual skills • Encourage youth and adults working together

20. Intellectual Characteristics of 15-18 Year Olds • Are mastering abstract thinking • Can imagine impact of present behavior on future • Enjoy demonstrating acquired knowledge • Will lose patience with meaningless activities Implications: • Give them real-life problems to solve • Let them make decisions and evaluate outcomes • Encourage service learning • Plan career exploration activities

21. Practical Implications • For younger children: • Understand that young children are limited by their developmental capacities • Organize activities & events that are age-appropriate • Encourage active involvement rather than competition • Build upon children’s physical, social, emotional, and cognitive skills • Be generous with praise • Encourage exploration • Provide clear rules, boundaries, & structure

22. Practical Implications • For adolescents/teens: • Encourage emerging independence, but maintain structure, boundaries, rules • Be sensitive to self-image issues • Be open to discussing/handling sensitive issues • Foster positive peer interaction • Be a positive role model • Provide constructive criticism along with positive feedback • Promote hands-on activities & experiential learning opportunities