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Describing conditions and characteristics:

andrew avatar
andrew
22 diapositives · 340 Views · Mar 26, 2013

In Spanish, the verbs "ser" and "estar" both translate to "to be" in English, but they serve different purposes. It's crucial to know when to use each verb. "Estar" is used to describe states, locations, and ongoing actions, while "ser" expresses inherent characteristics, origins, professions, and time. This guide explores various contexts for correct usage, helping learners master these key verbs for improved communication in Spanish. Understanding these distinctions is vital for fluency.

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  1. Describing conditions and characteristics: Uses of Ser and Estar

  2. to be > ser and estar • The English verb to be has two equivalent en Spanish: ser and estar. For this reason, it is important to know when to use one or the other. Translation will not help you to decide wich one to use.

  3. A. USES OF ESTAR • To express health ¿Cómo está? How are you? Ana está enferma hoy. Ana is sick today

  4. A. USES OF ESTAR 2. To express condition of a person, thing, or place. Nosotros estamos tristes. We are sad. El niño está muy cansado. The boy is very tired. Este cuarto está desordenado. This room is untidy. Madrid está lleno de turistas en el verano. Madrid is full of tourists in the summer.

  5. A. USES OF ESTAR 3. To express location of people or objects. Ellos estuvieron en Sudamérica. They were in South America. El museo del Prado está en Madrid. The Prado Museum is in Madrid.

  6. A. USES OF ESTAR 4. To descibre an action that is happening now. (estar + present participle) Ellos están practicando los verbos. They are practicing the verbs. Yo estoy comiendo una manzana. I am eating an apple.

  7. A. USES OF ESTAR 5. To express a state of being as a result of an action. (estar + past participle used as adjective) La tienda está cerrada. The store is closed. Las ventans están abiertas. The windows are opened. Yo estoy preocupada. I am worried. Estos juguetes están rotos. These toys are broken.

  8. A. USES OF ESTAR 6. To express a change in mental or social state. (estar + past participle used as adjective) Mental state (emotions) estar enamorado/a (de) to be in love (with) estar enojado/a to be angry estar entusiasmado/a (con) to be enthusiastic (about) estar preocupado/a (por) to be worried (about)

  9. A. USES OF ESTAR 6. To express a change in mental or social state. (estar + past participle used as adjective) Social state estar casado/a (con) to be married (to) estar comprometido/a (con) to be engaged (to) estar divorciado/a (de) to be divorced (from) estar separado/a (de) to be separated (from)

  10. A. USES OF ESTAR 7. With these idiomatics expressions: estar de acuerdo to agree estar bien to be all right/good estar contento to be happy estar de buen humor to be in a good mood

  11. A. USES OF ESTAR 7. With these idiomatics expressions: estar de mal humor to be in a bad mood estar de paso to be passing by estar de vacaciones to be on vacations estar muerto to be dead

  12. A. USES OF ESTAR 7. Examples: -Hola Lucía, estoy de paso, no puedo quedarme mucho tiempo. Hello Lucia, I’m just passing by, I can’t stay long. -Está bien, Roberto. Pasa. It’s all right, Roberto. Come in.

  13. B. USES OF SER 1. To express physical, mental, and emotional characteristics associated with a person. ¿Cómo es? What is it/he/she like? La prima es pelirroja The cousin is red-haired El hermano mediano era egoista. The middle brother was selfish. Los novios serán felices. The bride and groom will be happy.

  14. B. USES OF SER 1. To express physical characteristics of a thing. La boda va a ser sencilla. The wedding is going to be simple.

  15. B. USES OF SER 3. To express origin. Los padres de Luis son de Perú. Luis´parents are from Peru.

  16. B. USES OF SER 4. To express profession, nationality, religious, or political affiliation. Mi padre es un hombre de negocios. My father is a businessman. El bisabuelo era italiano. The great-grandfather was italian. El abuelo era católico y conservador. The grandfather was Catholic and conservative.

  17. B. USES OF SER 5. To express possession. Ese coche nuevo es de María. That new car is Maria’s.

  18. B. USES OF SER 6. To express what something is made of. La mesa es de madera. The table is made of wood.

  19. B. USES OF SER 7. To express time and location of an event. It express where something takes place. La ceremonia religiosa es a las tres. The religious ceremony is at three. la fiesta será en casa de Luis. The party will be at Luis´ house.

  20. B. USES OF SER 8. To express time. Son las cinco de la tarde. It is five in the afternoon.

  21. B. USES OF SER 9. Expression. ser soltero/a to be single

  22. Exercises pp. 22-23 FIN