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MAJORING IN WAGERING: Gambling in College Non-tribal casinos? Card rooms? 2005: Video slots More tribal casinos? 1994-2004: Nine tribal casinos open 1992: Video lottery begins 1989: Off-track betting 1933: Legalization of racetrack gambling 1984:
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MAJORING IN WAGERING: Gambling in College
Non-tribal casinos? Card rooms? 2005: Video slots More tribal casinos? 1994-2004: Nine tribal casinos open 1992: Video lottery begins 1989: Off-track betting 1933: Legalization of racetrack gambling 1984: Voters approve state lottery Legal Gambling in Oregon ?
Gambling in Oregon • Lottery • Scratch-its • Megabucks • Powerball • Video gaming • Keno • Bingo • Casino gaming • Sports bets • Horse racing • Stocks • Internet • Office pools • Poker/cards • Bets among friends The only state that offers more gambling opportunities than Oregon is Nevada!
Availability Accessibility Acceptability Age “A” Host of Gambling Trends
SPORTS BETS • About 30% of U.S. college students will gamble on sports this year (NCPG) • Only states where sports wagering is legal: • Nevada • Oregon
A NEW CAMPUS FAVORITE: INTERNET GAMBLING • More than 1,400 Internet casinos • All offshore • Concerns • So new that effects are not well studied • Not much legal oversight or protection • Very easy to hide • Done in isolation • Accelerated progression to problem gambling
WHEN IT GETS TO BE TOO MUCH • Rate of problem gambling among college students is about 5.6% (Shaffer & Hall, 2001) • About 15 percent of college students at least at risk for gambling problems (Neighbors, University of Washington)
AT HIGH RISK:Rates of Problem Gambling by Age Sources: Carlson & Moore, 1998; Shaffer & Hall, 2001; Moore, 2001; Volberg, 2001
IMPLICATIONS: MORE THAN JUST MONEY • Debt/loss of property • Family and social breakups • Loss of job • Depression, suicide • Increased rates of bankruptcies, crimes (theft, robbery, fraud, forgery, embezzlement) to finance gambling • Other risky behaviors concurrent
Male Weekly or daily user of alcohol or illicit drugs Relatively high disposable income Had been raised by a parent with a gambling problem NOT associated with problem gambling: Amount of credit card debt GPA School class level “TYPICAL” COLLEGE PROBLEM GAMBLER Source: Winters, 1998
SOCIAL GAMBLING PROBLEM GAMBLING TELLING THE DIFFERENCE Frequent, or spends more time gambling. Occasional gambler. Plays with $ that is needed or borrowed. Sticks to limits of money to play with. Expects to win; keeps playing to win back losses. Hopes to win but expects to lose. Is revolved around gambling. Can take it or leave it.
X X X X X X X O O O O O O O O GAMBLING & COLLEGE ATHLETICS
ATHLETES VS. NON-ATHLETES • General gambling: • Athletes 81% • Non-athletes 81% • 28% of athletes gambled on athletic events • Rate of problem gambling: • Athletes 6.2% • Non-athletes 3.3% Source: Rockey, 2002; Southeastern Conference (SEC) study
MOST POPULAR GAMBLING ACTIVITIES AMONG ATHLETES • Sports betting • 25% gambled on sports • 4% gambled on events they were involved in • Playing cards for money • Lotteries • Casino games • Casino-style machines (e.g., slots & video poker) Source: Miller et. al, 2001
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN STUDY • 72% of student athletes have gambled at least once since entering college • One in 20 male student athletes admitted: • providing inside information for gambling purposes • betting on a game in which they participated, or • accepting money for performing poorly in a game • Student athletes who gambled on sports with bookies gambled an average of $225 per month Source: Cross & Vollano, University of Michigan
NO SAFE BET: DANGERS OF ATHLETE PROBLEM GAMBLING • Athletic & academic failure • Crime • Relationship problems • Alcohol & substance abuse • Debt • Depression & suicide • NCAA repercussions
NCAA RULES FOR STUDENT ATHLETES • “You may not place any bet of any sort on any college or professional sports event.” • “You may not give information to anyone who does place bets on college or professional sports.”
ADDRESSING THE PROBLEM ON CAMPUS • Policies: • Introduce gambling language in student conduct code • Campus-based program recommendations: • Campus counseling services • Curriculum infusion – gambling with addictions courses, etc. • Prevention programs: Provide awareness education, including available help resources for gambling and other disorders • Resident hall advisor training
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR COLLEGE ATHLETICS • Athletic screening: • Part of a routine annual physical • Two questions to rule out problem gambling behaviors • Have you ever felt the need to bet more and more money? • Have you ever had to lie to people important to you about how much you gambled? • Athletic policy
GETTING HELP IN YOUR AREA 1-877-2-STOP-NOW Help Line, available 24 hrs, every day • Your treatment agency name here • Treatment is free for gamblers and loved ones • More tidbits about your regional treatment agency here
FOR MORE INFORMATION Your name Your agency Your phone Your email address