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Socioeconomic Status & Permanent Hearing Loss

Audiological Society of Australia biennial conference Perth, WA May 19, 2006. Socioeconomic Status & Permanent Hearing Loss. Anne Greville PhD Greville Consulting Auckland, New Zealand. Thanks to…. The Deafness Research Foundation of New Zealand for support of the project

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Socioeconomic Status & Permanent Hearing Loss

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  1. Audiological Society of Australia biennial conferencePerth, WAMay 19, 2006 Socioeconomic Status & Permanent Hearing Loss Anne Greville PhD Greville Consulting Auckland, New Zealand

  2. Thanks to… • The Deafness Research Foundation of New Zealand for support of the project • The National Audiology Centre for access to the deafness database & assistance with sourcing addresses • Simon Jellie of e-Spatial for help in geo-coding the data.

  3. Why look at SES? • Kubba, MacAndie, Ritchie & MacFarlane Is deafness a disease of poverty? The association between socio-economic deprivation & congenital hearing impairmentInt J Audiol 43:123-5 (2004)Children in Glasgow born 1985-94

  4. Kubba et al, Glasgow

  5. Fortnum, Marshall & SummerfieldEpidemiology of the UK population of hearing-impaired children, including characteristics of those with & without cochlear implants – audiology, aetiology, comorbidity & affluenceInt J Audiol 41:170-9 (2002)

  6. Fortnum et al, UK

  7. Methodology • Hearing impaired & deaf children notified to the National Audiology Centre’s database • Limited to children born 1992 – 1999. • Children with acquired or unilateral hearing loss & those born overseas excluded.

  8. Sample • 828 children • 696 children with unambiguous addresses • 693 children were geocoded into unique meshblocks (approx 100 people) • Decile ratings available for meshblocks

  9. Socioeconomic Measure • NZ Dep2001 Index of DeprivationSalmond & Crampton (2002) • Based on: • incomeemploymentcommunicationtransportsupportqualificationsliving spaceowned home

  10. SES Measure: deciles 1-10 (10 most deprived) • Fairly even distribution into tenths of total population • For children < 15 years, 13% are in decile 10, 8% decile 5 • Over 20% of Maori population in decile 10 • 40% of Pacific Island population in decile 10

  11. Birth year

  12. Number of deaf children per decile

  13. Decile and age (at 2001)

  14. Deafness prevalence & deprivation

  15. Ethnicity

  16. H/Loss moderate or greater

  17. H/Loss moderate or greater

  18. Maori deaf children cf Maori population

  19. Cause of deafness

  20. Cause of deafness among Maori children

  21. Household income levels

  22. Conclusions • In New Zealand, there is no apparent effect of SES on congenital hearing loss for ethnic groups other than Maori • Among the Maori children, unknown cause & family history are the major causal factors

  23. … and… • Does a family history of deafness in Maori mean that the family is more likely to live in a low SES area? • Maori deaf/hearing impaired children are more likely to live in a low income household than are deaf children from other ethnic groups.

  24. Thank you

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