1. International Cyber Center Need for New Approaches to Security -Interdisciplinary - International Arun Sood Professor (Computer Science) Co-Director, International Cyber Center George Mason University Fairfax, VA 20124 asood@gmu.edu

2. ICC • Faculty research • CERT capacity building in Africa • Intrusion tolerance • Insider threat • Smart grid security • Building community of interest • Workshops on Cyber Security and Global Affairs • Oxford (09), Zurich (10), Budapest (May 31 – June 2, Budapest) • Breakfast sessions at Mason • Cloud Security and Compliance • International Cyber Security

3. What is a CERT • Computer Emergency Response Team. • Computer Emergency Readiness Team. • IDS/IPS – Alerts and Warnings. • Signatures. • Anomaly. • Behavioral. • Incident handling. • Forensic evidence collection. • Tracking or tracing. • Incident response. • Situational awareness. • Information sharing. • Remediation. • Vulnerability handling. • Vulnerability analysis . • Vulnerability response.

4. International Scope of Cybercrime Top 10 Perpetrators)

5. Top Ten Countries (Cyber Crime Perpetrators) 1. United States 66.1% 2. United Kingdom 10.5% 3. Nigeria 7.5% 4. Canada 3.1% 5. China 1.6% 6. South Africa 0.7% 7. Ghana 0.6% 8. Spain 0.6% 9. Italy 0.5% 10. Romania 0.5%

6. Why Should we Care? • Cybercrime has international scope • Cyber security has an economic impact • Credit vs debit cards • Carrier payment constraints • National reputation • Our solutions are not working • Constraints in Africa are similar to those in small town America and Europe

7. Potential for Technology Leapfrogging • Cyber security solutions combine • Process • People • Technology • Cloud computing • Centralized vs Distributed • Efficient use of skilled manpower • Policy Implementation • Cloud security??

8. Evolution of Architectures Individual Servers Data Centers Virtualization (1 app / server) Virtualization (N apps / server) Cloud 40 to 45 % Utilization 10 to 20 % 10 to 20 % 15 to 25% 60 + % Security Highest High Lowest