TYPES OF CARGO AND CARGO DAMAGE

1. ANATOMY OF SHIPPING TYPES OF CARGO AND CARGO DAMAGE TEAM MEMBERS: 1.NUR SYAFEERA BINTI MOHAMED SALEHUDIN 2.IZZATIQA BINTI ISMAIL 3.NOR KHALIDA BINTI KHALID 4.NURUL ATIRAH ATIKAH BINTI MOHD KAMAL ARIFFIN 5.NIK SAFFALINA YASMIN BINTI A MUHAMMAD NASIR

2. What is cargo?

3. Types of cargo Liquid Bulk Cargo Dry Bulk Cargo Refrigerated Food Cargo Gas Cargo Special Purpose Cargo Container Cargo Unitised Cargo Passengers

4. Gas CARGO • None of the free-flowing • Easy-to-load properties • Examples : Crude oil , grain • Carriers must have complicated cooling or pressurisation systems on board. • Gas itself is normally propane or methane • Known as LPG (link to gas in dictionary) and LNG (link to gas in dictionary) • Environmentally-friendly fuels

5. Liquid bulk cargo • Consume in everyday life • From gasoline to fuel our cars, to fruit juices and cooking oil for consumption in the home • Include crude oil, liquefied natural gas and chemicals • Not boxed, bagged or hand stowed • Poured into and sucked out of large tank spaces, known as the holds, of a tanker

6. DRY BULK CARGO • From grains to coal and from sugar to cocoa • Cargoes cover a range of produce and raw materials • Two features in common: Unpacked Homogeneous • Easier for dry bulk cargoes to be dropped or poured into the hold of a bulk carrier • Need to be kept dry • Classified as ‘Dangerous Goods’

7. REFRIGERATED FOOD CARGO Time sensitive cargoes require special transportation Keep goods at the right temperature Strict schedules Special refrigerated cargo ships house temperature-controlled containers suitable for the safe carriage of chilled or frozen cargoes, referred to reefer containers. A wide range of commodities are shipped under refrigeration Including: fresh fruits and vegetables, fresh and frozen meats, poultry, and seafood, dairy products and eggs, fresh juices and frozen concentrates, and live plants and flowers.

8. SPECIAL PURPOSE CARGO Over-sized goods Heavy cargoes Livestock • The ships that carry them will be specially designed to serve that purpose • To counteract the loading and discharging of heavy items : Livestock need climate control, feed dispensers, watering equipment and equipment for the removal of manure Heavy-lift ships might use ballast to counterbalance Others use hydraulic feet to clamp on to the quay

9. PASSENGERS • Need to cater for the demands of people • A huge amount of food and fresh water stores need to be on board • Must be proper facilities for the storage of waste water and the massive amount of rubbish generated. • Large luxury ocean-going cruise liners carrying more than 2,500 passengers. • Some may have the means to transport vehicles as well as passengers, offering crossings for cars and caravans, as well as freight on trucks

10. UNITISED CARGO • Manufactured products and perishable goods • Need to be treated very differently • ‘Units’ are packaged together as unitised cargo • Can be very diverse, covering forest products, metals and metal goods, machines, electronics, food chemicals, raw materials, and investment and consumer goods, among others.

11. CONTAINER CARGO • Asystem of intermodal freight transport • Intermodal containers (also called shipping containers and ISO containers) • Made of weathering steel • Have standardized dimensions • Can be loaded and unloaded, stacked, transported efficiently over long distances, and transferred from one mode of transport to another without being opened

12. CARGO DAMAGE • Overloading • Poor condition of container • Lack of export packaging • Wrong use of temperature control • Wrong choice of container

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