Using FRBR for the Selection and Adaptation of Accessible Resources

1. Using FRBR for the Selection and Adaptation of Accessible Resources 2006/10/05 Ayako Morozumi, Liddy Nevile, Mitsuharu Nagamori, Shigeo Sugimoto University of Tsukuba, La Trobe University

2. The study • To investigate how FRBR can be used to select an accessible resource from a set of resources which have the same content. • In FRBR terms, users A and B can select different Manifestations of a single Work in accordance with their accessibility needs.

3. Resource discovery e.g. Cinderella There are many resources with equivalent content • Different languages and titles • “Cendrillon, Ou La Petit Pantoufle De Verre” • “Aschenputtel, KHM21” • Different kinds of resources • movie (Cinderella) (Ever After) • opera (La Cenerentola) • ballet (Золушка) • musical, animation • Different media types • Book, CD, DVD, VHS, mp3, html, pdf… (From Wikipaedia research)

4. PC Blind user but the selection process is critical Child Cinderella Japanese

5. PC Blind user The selection process is critical Picture story books Web page written in Japanese Child Cinderella Japanese Auditory resource

6. Requirements for resource discovery and selection • Discovery of intellectual content • Matching (selecting) resources to users’ accessibility needs and preferences

7. Requirements for resource discovery and selection • Discovery of intellectual content • Matching resources to users’ accessibility needs and preferences In the usual way, we use FRBR (implemented as DCMT, MODS, … metadata elements)

8. Requirements for resource discovery and selection • Discovery of intellectual content • Matching/selecting resources to users’ accessibility needs and preferences

9. Cinderella シンデレラ シンデレラ Explaining FRBR using Cinderella resources • ※シンデレラ means ”Cinderella” in Japanese Work English version Japanese version Expression Manifestation Cinderella Library C Bib ID： 4110332170 Library B Bib ID： 0120536206 Library C Bib ID： 5020242334 Item Library A Bib ID:3409237

10. Work Expression Manifestation Using FRBR Cinderella Cinderella resources Japanese doc Japanese English Englishhtml html doc Englishshtml English Comic pdf Comic shtml pdf Recital Recital mp3 mp3 TV drama TVdrama wma wma Recital amc Recital amc CDdrama mp3 CD drama Book Book pdf mp3 pdf

11. All DC elements map to FRBR attributes Dublin Core Metadata Terms FRBR model Work Title Type Coverage Description Language Subject Format Rights Creator Publisher Date Contributor Relation Source Identifier Title of work Form of work Context for the work Expression Title of expression Language of expression Summarization of content Manifestation Title of Manifestation Physical medium Form of carrier Extent of the carrier Dimensions of the carrier Access restrictions on the manifestation

12. PC Resource selection reading Cinderella in Japanese Cinderella Work Japanese abstract Japanese Recital Book listening to Cinderella or using a screen reader CD drama TV drama Comic Expression Blind user html shtml amc I want a Cinderella that I can understand pdf mp3 doc Child Manifestation

13. PC More requirements I want a resource that matches my screen reader’s reading rate. And that matches the reading speed with my preference. I also want a resource for the auditory sense only. Resource selection reading Cinderella in Japanese Cinderella Work Japanese abstract PC user recital Book listening to Cinderella or using a screen reader CD drama TV drama Comic Expression Blind user html shtml amc I want a Cinderella that I can understand pdf mp3 doc Child Manifestation

14. PC Child Blind user Japanese AfA Accessibility metadata • AccessForAll accessibility identifies the accessibility selection attributes for people with disabilities.

15. AfA Accessibility metadata The AccessForAll has 2 metadata sets • DRD: Digital Resource Description • PNP: Personal Needs and Preferences • The AccessForAll DRD lists the relevant attributes for selection so we compare it with FRBR.

16. Trying to map DRD elements to FRBR attributes FRBR model DRD Metadata Elements Work control flexibility has control flexibility display transformability has display transformability hazard has alternative has component is alternative is display transformability of is control flexibility of is component of control flexibility has control flexibility display transformability has display transformability hazard has alternative has component is alternative is display transformability of is control flexibility of is component of control flexibility has control flexibility display transformability has display transformability hazard has alternative has component is alternative is display transformability of is control flexibility of is component of control flexibility has control flexibility display transformability has display transformability hazard has alternative has component is alternative is display transformability of is control flexibility of is component of control flexibility has control flexibility display transformability has display transformability hazard has alternative has component is alternative is display transformability of is control flexibility of is component of control flexibility has control flexibility display transformability has display transformability hazard has alternative has component is alternative is display transformability of is control flexibility of is component of Intended Audience Expression Form of expression Language of expression Manifestation Form of carrier Physical medium Type face Type size Color System Requirements Playing speed

17. DRD elements unable to map to FRBR attributes of information about interaction modality control flexibility has control flexibility display transformability has display transformability hazard has alternative has component is alternative is display transformability of is control flexibility of is component of adaptation statement support tool original access mode access mode usage is alternative to coverage adaptation type original access mode coverage representation form Only 50% of DRD elements can map to FRBR But we need this accessibility information for effective resource selection

18. Analyzing FRBR attributes FRBR model Work Title of work Discovery of intellectual content Form of work Context for the work Expression Title of expression Language of expression Summarization of content Manifestation Selection foraccessibility Title of Manifestation Physical medium Form of carrier Extent of the carrier Dimensions of the carrier Access restrictions on the manifestation

19. What we found • We have related DCMT and DRD metadata elements to the FRBR attributes and relationships. It was not possible to map all the DRD elements. DCMT DRD FRBR attributes and relationships

20. MODS LOM Extending the base attribute set for resource selection and adaptation FRBR attributes and relationships +a DCMT DRD

21. Conclusion • We investigated • the FRBR attributes and entities from the viewpoint of resource selection • some metadata element sets for general resource description • an accessibility metadata element set to extend the model

22. Conclusion • We have found • the FRBR attributes do not include a sufficient set of accessibility attributes. • FRBR is useful as a core model to find resources but needs extension to describe attributes that relate to accessibility • We propose • An extended model to include the elements of these sets.

23. Gracias！Thank you!ありがとうございました。