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Understanding Air Pressure: Properties, Measurement, and Effects of Altitude

This article explores the fundamental properties of air, focusing on density and pressure. It explains how density relates to the number of air molecules in a given volume and outlines the concept of pressure as the force exerted by air molecules. Various instruments for measuring air pressure, such as mercury and aneroid barometers, are discussed. Additionally, the article examines how altitude affects both air pressure and density, highlighting the physiological effects of high altitudes on breathing and oxygen availability.

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Understanding Air Pressure: Properties, Measurement, and Effects of Altitude

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  1. Air Pressure 5.4

  2. Properties of Air • Density: the amount of mass in a given volume of air. More molecules in a given volume, the density is greater. Less molecules in a given volume, the density is ___________? • Pressure: force pushing on an area or surface. Air molecules push in all directions. (page 171)

  3. Instruments that Measure Pressure • Mercury Barometers – long glass tube that rests in a dish of mercury. When air pressure increases, it presses down on the surface of the mercury and forces column of mercury higher. • Aneroid Barometers – Without liquid, when air pressure increases the thin walls of chamber are pushed in. • Units of Air Pressure – Millibars, one inch of mercury is 33.86 millibars.

  4. How does Altitude Affect Air Pressure and Density • Air pressure decreases as altitude increases (as you go up a mountain, pressure decreases) • Altitude affects Density-As you go up the density of the air decreases because the gas molecules are farther apart. This is why you become short of breath at a higher altitude.

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