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Schools of Modern Psychology

Schools of Modern Psychology. Modern Psychology A. Psychoanalysis and Sigmund Freud (1920’s) ‏ Psychoanalysis is the first modern school of psychology to emerge and it emphasized the importance of unconscious forces in the behavior of humans

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Schools of Modern Psychology

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  1. Schools of Modern Psychology

  2. Modern Psychology A. Psychoanalysis and Sigmund Freud (1920’s)‏ • Psychoanalysis is the first modern school of psychology to emerge and it emphasized the importance of unconscious forces in the behavior of humans • Psychoanalysis is a deterministic model and has significant problems with regard to observation and whether or not the theory can be tested, i.e., “Is the theory falsifiable?” • Freud has had a profound influence on the entire field of psychology, sociology, criminal justice, and modern life in general! • Treatments?

  3. BehaviorismFounded in the last 19th Century hitting its in peak in the 1920's through the 1950's.- Based on the idea that all behavior is learned and that humans are a product of the learning environment.- Important contributors include Ivan Pavlov (1905), John Watson (1920's), and B.F. Skinner (1950's).- Quite a different theory than psychoanalysis rejecting mentalism, yet still a deterministic model.- Treatments?

  4. C. Humanistic Psychology • Humanistic Psychology is a very broad field that encompasses many psychological theories. They all, however, emphasize the importance of free will and the human condition. • One major contribution is the development of psychological techniques. • These theories are in stark contrast to both behaviorism and psychoanalysis. • Treatments?

  5. Some of the important humanistic psychologies include; • Humanistic Psychology (Sullivan, Rogers, & Maslow)‏ • Carl Rogers may have had the most significant impact developing what he called client-centered therapy in the 1950’s • Gestalt Psychology (Kohler, Wertheimer, & Perl's)‏ • Gestalt psychologists discount structure and focus on the totality of perceptions. One cannot understand something by breaking it up into pieces…it must therefore be taken in total! • Existential Psychology (Sartre, Frankl, Kierkegaard, & Yalom)‏ • Goal is to address the key “existential issues” of life (death, responsibility/freedom, isolation, meaningfulness, and loneliness.

  6. Recent trends in psychology • D. Cognitive Psychology, the fourth school of psychology emphasizes the importance of mental activities, symbolic processing, learning, memory, thinking, and perception in normal and abnormal states. • Treatments? • E. Neuroscience is the most recent school of psychology and suggests that all behavior is rooted, in some way, to the functioning of the nervous system. • If we understand the nervous system then we can understand how all behavior emerges! • This field is growing so quickly that it is difficult to keep up with the literature • Neuroscience departments appear to be replacing traditional psychology programs! • Treatments?

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