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This study focuses on atmospheric and oceanic processes using data from the Integrated Sounding Systems (ISS) and Doppler radar. Researchers from Colorado State University analyze mechanisms for the initiation and propagation of surges, diurnal convection cycles, air-sea interactions, and atmospheric budgets. Various instruments, including surface meteorological stations, UHF profilers, and RAOBs, are employed across multiple sites. The resultant data will enhance understanding of the upper-ocean and atmospheric dynamics, facilitating real-time data dissemination for operational models.
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NAME Tier 1 Atmospheric/Oceanic Process and Budget Studies using ISS Data Richard H. Johnson, Paul E. Ciesielski, Brian D. McNoldy Colorado State University
US US US US US US I I I I = SMN Op. RAOB 88D 88D M5 M5 88D M5 88D M5 M5 88D 88D 88D 88D US = U.S. Op. RAOB = SMN 5 cm Doppler Radar = WSR 88D Doppler Radar 10P = S-band Dual-Pol. Radar M M M M M M M M = ISS Profiler/ RAOB I = NOAA R/V Ronald Brown 5 / .85 cm Dopp. Radars, Profilers, RAOB, Fluxes, aerosols, SST/CTD/ADCP RAOB Budget network = UHF Profiler w/RASS TIER 1 SOUNDINGS M M 10P M M NOAA ETL surface flux system
• Puerto Penasco • 3 NCAR ISSs (GPS sounding, UHF profiler, RASS, sfc station); 1 GLASS ISS sounding network designed to determine: – initiation mechanisms, structure, and propagation of surges – mechanisms for diurnal cycle of convection – air-sea exchanges, upper-ocean changes – atmospheric budgets, latent heating profiles over land and ocean • Kino Bay • SMN soundings • • • • Los Mochis Loreto or Santa Rosalia • • S-POL • • • fluxes, upper-ocean
ISS Network 3 ISSs (Integrated Sounding Systems) GPS sounding system UHF wind profiler (winds up to ~ 4 km) RASS (Radio Acoustic Sounding System) (Tv profiles) Surface met station 1 mobile sounding system (GLASS) GPS sounding system Surface met station
Data Processing/Dissemination Plan Real Time • All “preliminary” data on the web • Soundings onto GTS – PIBAL messages are generated – Data available for operational models • Local internet service required • CSU soundings-monitoring/processing/display facility Quality-controlled data (ATD ISS staff) • Six months after project, all data • Consensus profiler winds (30-min intervals) • Exabyte tapes, DVD, or FTP; ASCII or net CDF • Further quality control by JOSS/CSU?
Special Issues Staffing • 10 operators required continuously • Crew change at midpoint recommended 20 operators! • Training required • Local requirements: interpreters (?), safety Siting (to be determined) • 16’ 16’ area, unobstructed view of sky for 50’ radius, 8’ above ground • unobstructed fetch, no shadowing Supplies • 130 T-cylinders of helium
Field Coordination Requirements Launch frequency • IOP – 6 daily at 2 southern sites – 2 daily at 2 northern sites • non-IOP – 2 daily at all sites • 24-h notice needed for IOPs (possibly shorter) IOP decisions ( 10 IOPs, averaging 2 days each) • Coordinate with aircraft, radar, other ops • Assign IOPs/optimize resources to satisfy NAME objectives (surges, MCSs, diurnal cycle, easterly waves, upper-level disturbances)