Bell work:

2. Bell work: • What percentage of your life is impacted by your race? • How is race different or similar to ethnicity? • How early in life can someone be a racist or taught to be one?

3. Intro: Brown Eyes vs. Blue Experiment • Talk and Turn: • Share your thinking and wonderings about this very interesting video! • “Connections”

5. SECTION 1 The Scramble for Africa Africa Before European Domination Nations Compete for Overseas Empires • Imperialism—seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country • Missionaries, explorers, humanitarians reach interior of Africa The Congo Sparks Interest • Henry Stanley helps King Leopold II of Belgium acquire land in Congo • Leopold brutally exploits Africans; millions die • Belgian government takes colony away from Leopold • Much of Europe begins to claim parts of Africa https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJe1W_HIWmA NEXT

6. SECTION 1 Forces Driving Imperialism Belief in European Superiority • Race for colonies grows out of national pride • Racism—belief that one race is better than others • Social Darwinism—survival of the fittest applied to human society Factors Promoting Imperialism in Africa • Technological inventions like steam engine, Maxim gun help conquest • Perfection of quinine protects Europeans from malaria • Within Africa, Africans are divided by language and culture NEXT

7. SECTION 1 The Division of Africa Demand for Raw Materials Shapes Colonies • Raw materials are greatest source of wealth in Africa • Increases interest in colonization Berlin Conference Divides Africa • Berlin Conference—14 nations agree on rules for division (1884–85): - countries must claim land and prove ability to control it - African leaders left out - Europeans did not care about their ethnic or linguistic differences https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FTjBNppdk-M NEXT

8. SECTION 1 Three Groups Clash over South Africa Zulus Fight the British • Shaka—Zulu chief—creates centralized state around 1816 • British defeat Zulus and gain control of Zulu nation in 1887 Boers and British Settle in the Cape • Boers,or Dutch farmers, take Africans’ land, establish large farms • Boers clash with British over land, slaves - move north to escape British The Boer War • Boer War between British, Boers begins in 1899 • British win; Boer republics united in Union of South Africa (1910) NEXT

9. I see.. I think.. I wonder..

11. Section 2 Imperialism CASE STUDY: Nigeria Europeans embark on a new phase of empire building that affects both Africa and the rest of the world. NEXT

12. SECTION 2 A New Period of Imperialism Imperialism Extending Influence • Europeans want to control all aspects of their colonies: - influence political, social lives of people - shape economies to benefit Europe - want people to adopt European customs Continued . . . NEXT

13. SECTION 2 continued A New Period of Imperialism Methods of Management • Europeans use two methods to manage colonies: - 1. direct control - 2. indirect control Direct Control • Paternalism—Europeans provide for local people, but grant no rights • Assimilation—adaptation of local people to ruling culture Indirect Control • Limited self-rule for local governments • Legislative body includes colonial, local officials NEXT

15. SECTION 2 A British Colony Gaining Control • Britain conquers southern Nigeria using both diplomacy and force • Nigeria is culturally diverse area, with about 250 ethnic groups Managing the Colony • British use indirect rule successfully with Hausa- Fulani • Yoruba and Igbo chiefs resent limits on their power https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pis5f085P3M NEXT

16. SECTION 2 African Resistance Africans Confront Imperialism • Broad resistance to imperialism, but Europeans have superior weapons Ethiopia: A Successful Resistance • Menelik II, emperor of Ethiopia in 1889, resists Europeans - plays Europeans against each other - stockpiles arsenal of modern weapons - defeats Italy, remains independent NEXT

17. SECTION 2 The Legacy of Colonial Rule Negative Effects • Africans lose land and independence, many lose lives • Traditional cultures break down • Division of Africa creates problems that continue today Positive Effects • Colonialism reduces local fighting • Sanitation improves; hospitals and schools created • Technology brings economic growth NEXT

18. Section 3 Europeans Claim Muslim Lands European nations expand their empires by seizing territories from Muslim states. NEXT

19. SECTION 3 Europeans Claim Muslim Lands Ottoman Empire Loses Power Reforms Fail • After Suleyman I dies in 1566, empire starts to decline • Ottoman Empire falls behind Europe in technology • Subject peoples in Greece and Serbia gain independence • European powers look for ways to take Ottoman lands NEXT

20. SECTION 3 Europeans Grab Territory Russia and the Crimean War • Crimean War—Russia attacks Ottomans in 1853 to gain warm-water port • Russia loses, but Ottomans are shown to be weak; still lose land https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XHNzUDNegx0 NEXT

21. SECTION 3 Egypt Initiates Reforms Military and Economic Reforms • Muhammad Ali breaks away from Ottoman control and rules Egypt The Suez Canal • Egypt builds Suez Canal—human-made waterway connects Red Sea to Mediterranean • Modernization efforts create huge debt • British oversee financial control of canal, occupy Egypt in 1882https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7Zp1Q7GVGA NEXT

22. Visual Thinking Strategy (VTS) • Bellwork: Copy down the 3 question prompts below, give space between them… • Individually, look carefully at the following images… • What is going on in this picture? • What do you see that makes you say that? • What more can we find?

24. Talk and Turn • With your table partner… • Share your observations • Listen to and consider another view point

25. SECTION 4 British Expand Control over India • Britain’s “Jewel in the Crown” • • India is Britain’s most valuable colony, or “jewel in • the crown” • • Forced to produce raw materials for British • manufacturing • • Army is staffed by sepoys—Indian soldiers • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9wO-NoP7h4 Continued . . . NEXT

26. SECTION 4 The Sepoy Mutiny Indians Rebel • Sepoys refuse to use cartridges of new rifles for religious reasons • Many Sepoys are jailed; others start Sepoy Mutiny against British Turning Point • British put down rebellion, and take direct command of India • Raj—term for British rule over India, lasts from 1757 to 1947 • Uprising increases distrust between British and Indians https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MV0fYMIvtyU NEXT

27. Longer Video • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yXKbd5IDzU

28. Bellwork • Explain what caused the Sepoy Mutiny • What does Raj refer to?

29. 1. You will work in pairs with your table partner. One student will be the writer. One will be the runner. 2. When time is called the runner runs carefully to the posted message and reads one phrase or sentence. 3. Runner runs back to their partner and verbally dictates (tells) the phrase verbatim. The writer will write. Runner cannot help the writer write. 4. Raise your hand when you are done. Make sure your paragraph is accurate Running Dictation

30. Most Important Word • Silently read the Sepoy passage… • After you are finished write down your most memorable/important word on a separate sheet of paper in big letters • Tear out your piece of paper and hide it from view • Await further instructions…

31. Most Important Word • At the count of 3, everyone holds up their word. Look around for the same word or word that is similar • Limit groups to 3 to 4 people • Each student in the group reads their word aloud and tells why they chose their word (10 seconds minimum) • Other group members actively listen • Await further instructions…