Midterm Exam Grammar Review

1. Midterm Exam Grammar Review

2. Sentences and Fragments • Sentences must have… • A subject and predicate • Sentence fragments are missing… • Either a subject and/or a predicate • Subject: noun (topic of a sentence) • Predicate (verb phrase-what the subject is doing) • Ex: _____ All my friends. • Fragment: no predicate • Fixed: All my friends are kind. • Ex: ____ Going to the store • Fragment: no subject • Fixed: My family and I are going to the store.

3. Subjects and Predicates Single underline: complete subject Circle: simple subject Double underline: complete predicate Box: simple predicate 1. The tall boys played basketball. 2. The girls were running outside.

4. Nouns • Common noun: non-specific person, place, or thing • Example: dog, lady, house, pencil • Proper noun: specific person, place, or thing • Example: Connecticut, Prince William • Concrete noun: can perceive with your senses (touch, see, smell) • Example: bridge, city, cloud • Abstract noun: cannot perceive with your senses • Example: courage, gratitude, justice • Ex 1: I looked at the painting in awe. • Ex 2: My class visited the Grand Canyon.

5. Collective Nouns Collective nouns describe a group Example: chorus, band, family, tribe, pack Underline the collective nouns in the following sentences: 1. The hostess called our party, so we followed her to our table. 2. I woke up when a flock of geese flew honking over my house.

6. Pronouns and Antecedents Antecedents are the nouns a pronoun refers back to Circle the pronoun and draw an arrow to its antecedent. 1. My mother was angry when I failed my test so she grounded me. After my sister Rachel graduated from college, she joined Teach for America.

7. Personal, Reflexive, Intensive Pronouns • Personal pronouns: refers to the first person (speaker), second person (person spoken to), or third person (person spoken about) • Ex: I, you, me, he/she/it, we, they, us • Reflexive pronouns: refers to the subject and is NECESSARY to the meaning of the sentence • Ex: myself, yourself, herself, ourselves • Intensive pronouns: emphasizes a noun or another pronoun and is UNNECESSARY to the meaning of the sentence • Ex: myself, yourself, herself, ourselves Underline and identify the type of pronoun in the following sentences: • Sara picked up a handout for herself. • Sometimes I make myself laugh. • The principal himself called me with good news. • I can’t believe they won the contest!

8. Demonstrative and Relative Pronouns • Demonstrative pronouns: point our a person, place, thing, or idea • Ex: These are the best strawberries of the summer! • Ex: That was the worst movie I have ever seen. • Relative pronouns: introduce a subordinate clause (give more information) • Ex: Apricots, which are smaller than peaches, make tasty pies. • Ex: The fence that borders our property needs repair. Underline the pronouns in the following sentence and identify them as demonstrative or relative. • The equator, which crosses Africa, is at 0 degrees latitude. • The country in Africa thatfascinates me the most is Egypt • That is not possible! • These small rivers are very hard to see on the map.

9. Indefinite and Interrogative Pronouns • Indefinite pronouns: refer to a noun that is not specifically named • Ex: He said that anyone can do this simple trick. • Ex: Most of my friends drink milk. • Interrogative pronouns: introduce a question • Ex: Who knows the words to the song? • Ex: Which of these books have you read? Identify and label the indefinite or interrogative pronouns: • Will many attend the school play? • Which of these science experiments is yours? • Few could restrain their laughter at the unexpected joke. • Whose is this backpack?