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MITOSIS

MITOSIS. Think About This…. What is this? What IS cancer?? What are some causes? What are some reasons for cell division? How do you think a cell would accomplish this task?. SO WHY LEARN ABOUT CELL DIVISION??. Growth Cancer- uncontrolled growth

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MITOSIS

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  1. MITOSIS

  2. Think About This… • What is this? • What IS cancer?? What are some causes? • What are some reasons for cell division? • How do you think a cell would accomplish this task?

  3. SO WHY LEARN ABOUT CELL DIVISION?? • Growth • Cancer- uncontrolled growth • Cells have given life spans; need to replace! • Lining of esophagus 2-3 days • Lining of small intestine 1-2 days • Skin 2-4 weeks • Stem Cells

  4. All Cells Come From Cells • One concept of the cell theory we just learned about! • All organisms reproduce their own kind… • Asexual Reproduction • Sexual Reproduction

  5. Types of Cell Division We Will Learn About • Mitosis- Division of somatic cells (body cells) • Meiosis- Creation of gametes (sex cells)

  6. Lab- You Are a 19th Century Cell Biologist • In this lab, you will assume the role of a biologist in the mid-1890s. You are fascinated by the power of the microscope to reveal the inner workings of living cells. The invention of the compound microscope, along with new stains, make it possible for you to see cell structures that no one has ever seen before. You plan to collaborate with your colleagues to discover the events of cell division.

  7. Lab- You Are a 19th Century Cell Biologist • Things you know right now: • 1) The cell has many organelles. • 2) The nucleus seems to be pretty important. • 3) There seem to be “structures” inside the nucleus that undergo changes during cell division (chromosomes).

  8. Lab- You Are a 19th Century Cell Biologist • 1) Obtain a microscope and a slide of onion root tip. • 2) Focus under low power.

  9. MITOSIS-ONION ROOT TIP • 3) Move to high power; only adjust here with the fine focus.

  10. Lab- You Are a 19th Century Cell Biologist • 4) Select one cell whose chromosomes are clearly visible & sketch in the box. • 5) Look around and select 4 other cells whose internal appearances are differentand sketch them as well. • 6) Try and place your sketches in order from 1-5. • 7) Check your answers with Mrs. Romano… how many did you get right??

  11. Lab- You Are a 19th Century Cell Biologist • 8) Identify the phases of cell division. • 9) Count the number of cells in your slide in each stage of cell division. • 10) Answer the analysis questions.

  12. MITOSIS

  13. TERMS TO KNOW: Nucleus Nuclear envelope Centriole Spindle Fiber Chromatin Chromatid Chromosome Centromere Review- Cell Parts

  14. Chromatin vs. Chromosomes

  15. Do All Cells Divide?? • NO!! • Muscles, neurons, red blood cells, white blood cells generally DO NOT go through mitosis.

  16. Orderly sequence of cell division INTERPHASE- Cell grows, DNA replicates, gets ready to divide; LONG MITOSIS (cell divides) 4 parts Cell Cycle

  17. Chromosome duplication

  18. MITOSIS- Step 1 of 4 • Prophase- chromosomes condense, nuclear membrane disappears, spindle forms

  19. MITOSIS- Step 2 of 4 • Metaphase- chromosomes move to center of the cell and attach to spindle fibers

  20. MITOSIS- Step 3 of 4 • Anaphase- Chromosome strands move towards opposite ends

  21. MIATOSIS- Step 4 of 4 • Telophase- Chromosomes reach ends; nuclear envelope reforms; cytoplasm divides (CYTOKINESIS)

  22. ANIMALS- cleavage furrow PLANTS- cell plate Plant vs. Animal Cell Mitosis

  23. Stages in an onion root tip

  24. Movie • Mitosis Video

  25. Review- Mitosis • Animation

  26. Mitosis Movie!!

  27. Out-of-control cell reproduction TUMOR- mass of cells Benign Malignant Breast Cancer cells Cancer

  28. Metastasis • Most dangerous property of cancer cells is their ability to spread beyond their original site

  29. Detection

  30. Detection • Visual • Radiation Imaging (spot glows under UV light) • Biological or chemical test (spot changes color when exposed to a chemical)

  31. Treatment • Radiation Therapy • Chemotherapy

  32. Getting older Genetics Tobacco UV radiation (sunlight) X-rays Certain chemicals (asbestos, vinyl chloride, nickel) Certain viruses/ bacteria (HPV, Hepatitis C, HIV) Certain hormones (excess estrogen) Alcohol Poor diet/ lack of exercise Causes

  33. Melanoma- One Type of Skin Cancer

  34. Breast Cancer

  35. Lung Cancer

  36. Prostate Cancer

  37. Leukemia

  38. Colon Cancer

  39. Video • The Genetics of Cancer

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