Episcopalian Church

Episcopalian Church By: Tim Zellmer & Travis Birklid

Outline • History of Episcopalian Church • Structure of the Episcopalian Church • Episcopalian Faith • Community Life • Our Experience at St. Mary’s Episcopalian Church

Episcopalian History • Canterbury; first diocese of Church of England • Created by St. Augustine; first archbishop • Built in 597; Oldest Dioceses of the Church of England • Symbol of Anglican Unity

Episcopalian History The 16th Century- Reformation in England • The Reformation in England called for a gradual Protestantization • Part of Reforming the Catholic Church was establishing new institutions • Brought on the possibility of new ideas and religions

Episcopalian History The 16th Century- Reformation in England • King Henry VIII- Originally Devout Catholic and defender of the faith. • Through marriage, connections, and offspring, this would change • 1509- Married Catherine of Aragon • talked with Thomas Cranmer about marriage annulment • Cranmer believed in Martin Luther’s ways • Cranmer and King Henry became good friends • Cranmer became Archbishop of Canterbury

Episcopalian History The 16th Century- Reformation in England • King Henry married Anne Boleyn in 1533 • Together produced daughter Elizabeth • King Henry sought for male heir to throne but Anne couldn’t produce • Cranmer annulled another marriage • King Henry married Jane Seymour in 1536 • Together produced son Edward • Finally a male heir to the throne

Episcopalian History The 16th Century- Reformation in England • Edward took the throne in 1547 at the age of nine • During his reign England gradually moved towards a more radical Protestantism • In 1549 and 1552 Edward mandated books of Common Prayer, which were largely authored by Cranmer • July 6th, 1553, Edward dies at the age of 15 from Tuberculosis • No male heir to throne • Elizabeth I (from marriage to Anne Boleyn) took throne in 1558 • Established Anglicanism as the official church of England

Episcopalian History The 17th Century- Making Ground • Church of England in controversy with Puritans of Church of England and Roman Catholics • Richard Hooker looks to resolve conflict with Three Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity • The Anglican Middle Way • The Three Legged Stool • Sacramental Sharing in divine life through God’s incarnation in Jesus

Episcopalian History The 17th Century- Making Ground • The Anglican Middle Way: Hooker determined that the church could maintain stability with the past while accommodating changes that a new situation might require, thus creating Anglicanism- a way between the extremes of radical Protestantism and Roman Catholicism. • The Three Legged Stool: Hooker stated that “scripture is the oracle of God.” Since it is read for human reasoning in the context of a tradition of worship and belief, people learn about God through scripture, tradition, and reason. • Sacramental Sharing in the Divine Life: Hooker emphasized the importance of Incarnation in Anglican theology. Through God taking on human form He gave holiness to the world, allowed people to become part of the divine life, and He gave the basis for Baptism and Eucharist, where people become the children of God.

Episcopalian History The 18th Century- Revolution • The effects on America (the colonies)- • Colonization of America- brought Anglicanism to the colonies in hope of separation from monarchy control of church • At start of Revolution, Anglicanism is second largest religion • Through revolution, not only gained control of colonies from England but control of own religion as well • 1789- Brought on new independent church with own church government and own book of Common Prayer • The new principles adopted by the Episcopal Churches in the United States • Three-fold ministry of bishops, priests, and deacons

Episcopalian History The 18th Century- Revolution • The new principles adopted by the Episcopal Churches in the United States • Three-fold ministry of bishops, priests, and deacons • Determined that the church would be ruled by government of clergy and laity councils • Said that the American Church would be new form of the Church of England

Episcopalian History The 19th Century- Movements • Three major movements- • Evangelical Movement • Catholic Revival • Broad Church Movement

Episcopalian History The 19th Century- Movements • Evangelical Movement • Large focus on missionary work • Decided to send bishops as missionaries • Other large movements of the time • Social reform • Care for the poor • Personal Reform • Heavy focus on the education of slaves

Episcopalian History The 19th Century- Movements • Catholic Revival • This called for a return to the practices of the ancient church with emphasis on • The church as a divine society in its sacramental relationship with God through Eucharist and Baptism • The church as “the extension of the incarnation” and being connected to the spiritual presence of the incarnate Christ • Realign the church with the doctrinal traditions of the first centuries

Episcopalian History The 19th Century- Movements • The Broad Church Movement • A time of crisis and question in the Episcopalian Church • Questions arose about miracles and creation of humans. • Was there a real flood? A real Exodus? Did God create humans or was Darwin correct? • The best answer to these questions lied in a major publication called Lux Mundi: A Series of Studies in the Religion of the Incarnation • Emphasized the Incarnate God • Revealed the strong sense that God has had through history of the world

History:MN Diocese • Created 148 years ago • Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple • Popular with Native Americans • Baptized at Fort Snelling • Bishop of the MN Diocese today: James Louis Jelinek

Worldwide • 2.3 million members of Episcopal Church • In “Communion” with Anglican Church • 80 million Anglican members • 164 countries globally • 37 provinces worldwide • U.S. • South America • Africa • Europe

Worldwide • Minneapolis, MN • 1st Hmong Episcopalian Church in World • Talks about creating 1st parish in Thailand • Created Nov. 3, 2005 • St. Mark’s Cathedral • Rev. Dr. Winfred Vergara • 600 members[175 are baptized]

Governance/Structure • Parish • Dioceses • Province • National Church • **Episcopal Church is “Autonomous” • There are elected leaders, but no ONE person is considered the leader like the R.C. & the Pope.

Governance/Structure: Parish • Rector • Self sustaining church • Means “ruler” in latin • Vicor • Non-sustaining church[missionary] • Means “one who represents another” • Vestry • Elected officials • Manage finance and property of church • “Wardens” – chair and vice chair **Have annual Parish Meetings***

Governance/Structure: Dioceses • Latin word “Dioecesis” • Means: Administration • Territory of land that contains 20-200 parishes • Directed by Bishop and Diocesan Council

Governance/Structure: National Church • Headed by executive council and Presiding Bishop • Considered chief Reverend • Visits every diocese • Consults bishops and diocesan reps

Governance/Structure: National Church • Hold General Convention every 3 years • Made up of 2 houses • House of Bishops: every bishop • House of deputies: 4 lay and 4 clergy from each dioceses • 2003 General convention, Minneapolis: • Major issue: first gay bishop elected • Bishop Gene Robinson • 2006 General convention: • Major issue: 2 candidates for bishop are a lesbian and a gay man

Service book • Book of Common Prayer • Rite II • Passages from Bible • Lectionaries • Daily office • Holy Eucharist • Creeds • Apostles’ Creed • Nicene Creed • Athanasian Creed [isn’t used much] • Catechisms • Summary of religious doctrine • Early: test for converts; memorized before baptism or confirmed • Today: used as a tool to study the church’s doctrine and faith

Service Book • Calendar for Church • Liturgies for: • Special days • Holy Baptism • Holy eucharist • Pastoral Offices • Episcopal Services • 4 daily liturgies used

Service Book: Table of Context • Book of Common Prayer Table of Context • The Daily Office (p. 37) • The Great Litany (p. 148) • The Collects: Traditional (p. 159) • The Collects: Contemporary (p. 211) • Proper Liturgies for Special Days (p. 264) • Holy Baptism (p. 299) • Holy Eucharist (p. 316) • Pastoral Offices (p. 413) • Episcopal Services (p. 511) • The Psalters or Psalms of David (p. 585) • Prayers and Thanksgiving (p. 810) • An Outline of Faith or Catechism (p. 845) • Historical Documents of the Church (p. 864) • Tables for Finding the Date of Easter (p. 880) • The Lectionary (p. 888) • Daily Office Lectionary (p. 934)

Paschal Year: • Advent • 2 Advents • Jesus coming as an infant[birth] • Jesus 2nd coming in glory • Christmas • Celebrate the birth of Jesus & the incarnation • Lent • Prepare for Easter • Period for repentence • Easter

Paschal Year & Colors • Advent-Purple/blue • Christmas-White • Epiphany-Green • Lent-Purple • Easter-White • Pentecost-Red • Everyday-Green

Episcopalian Faith • Put emphasis on the Trinity • Father, Son, and Holy Spirit • Use of Trinitarian Framework • Focus on the creation, incarnation, and sacramental universe • Seen in art and architecture: ex-triptyche

Sacraments • Believe in the 7 sacraments • 2 performed by Christ • Baptism • Communion • 5 sacrament rites • Reconcilliation • Confirmation • Marriage • Ordination • Unction

Initiation: Baptism • Held on special days: • Easter Vigil [most popular] • Day of Pentecost • All Saints Day • Baptism of our Lord • Visit from Bishop • Held in the middle of worship service • Front and Center

Initiation: Baptism • Baptism allows you to participate in the eucharist • Don’t need to be “re-baptized” into the Episcopalian Church • Infant and Adult baptisms • Adult: becoming more prevalent • Infants sometimes dressed in “Christening Gowns”

Initiation: Baptism -Hmong Baptism [believe its at -Infant baptism in Edina St. Mark’s Cathedral

Initiation: Confirmation • Is the coming forward and individual commitment to live in the Christian faith • “Mature affirmation of faith” • Bishops confirm or receive new members • Annual visit • Sign up and attend courses[12] • Age: High School

Initiation: Eucharist • Must be baptized • Every Sunday • Unlevened wafers • Red Wine • Belief: Do not believe in “Transubstiation” but rather in “Mystery” • Jesus is present spiritually; transforms bread into the spiritual presences of Jesus • Beyond human comprehension • Better we believe and trust Him

Initiation: Eucharist • Form: • extend hands, right cupped over the left • Receive and eat the bread • Lightly hold cup • Sip • Dunk bread • Cross arms if you do not want wine • Receive prayer or blessing instead

Marriage • At least one member must be baptized • “Unity Candle” isn’t typical, but can be used • Belief: • Divorce: Doesn’t cut you off from God • R.C.-don’t acknowledge divorce, remarriage is adultery, can’t receive communion afterwards • Remarriage: acceptable

unction • Anointing with Holy Oil • It is sacramental in that through the oil (the outward sign) a person is made aware of the special Grace of God working in his/her life (the spiritual grace). It is most often used for healing a person who is sick in mind, body, or spirit (healing refers to the acceptance of the sick person of God's will and purpose for him during the uncertainty of illness).

Reconcilliation • Some should, all may, no one MUST go to confession • You should if you break any of the 10 commandments, as long as you are truly sorry • If you do: usually during lent or advent • Ash Wednesday and Good Friday • Every worship: Public confession • “Kneel/stand and admit things we should have done and things we have left undone”

Ordination • Performed only by Bishops • “Ordination is the rite in which God gives authority and the grace of the Holy Spirit to those being made bishops, priests, and deacons, through prayer and the laying on of hands by bishops.”

Our Experience: St. Mary’s Episcopalian Church • 1895 Laurel Ave. St. Paul, MN 55104 • The Reverend LeeAnne Watkins • about 250 members • Established 120 years ago • In 1925 moved to current location

St. Mary’s Floorplan

Our Visual Experience • Placement • Altar placed far back in sanctuary (2 Altars) • Second altar on Epistle Side • Lectern on Epistle Side (1 Lectern) • Elevated and extended towards congregation • Presidential Chair (Bishop’s Chair) (1 Chair) • Epistle side of Sanctuary • Baptistery (One Baptismal Font) • Baptismal font isolated on Epistle side

Our Visual Experience • Placement • Creedence Table • Located on right side of altar against the wall, open • Choir Seating • Pews reserved in chancel • Musical Instruments • Organ, located in chancel across from choir • Bell choir, Gospel side wing

Our Visual Experience • Places of reservation • Sanctuary during Eucharist • Reverend, Acolytes, Chalice bearer • Pews for the choir • Area for Bell Choir

Our Visual Experience • Usage • Sanctuary • Eucharist • Chancel • Music, Readings, Sermon • Baptistery • Baptism

Our Visual Experience • Vesture • Acolytes wearing albs • Priest wearing alb and chasuble • For Eucharist • Choir wearing blue robes

Our Visual Experience • Importance • Baptistery, has separate space reserved for the special occasion, Marble font • Altar, Elevated by sets of stairs • Scale • Everything was human scale

Our Visual Experience • Assembly Space • Priests and choir located in elevated chancel space • Laity standing or sitting in pews of nave • Movement • Pews promote standing or sitting and little movement • Central Aisle promotes movement of many activities, preaching, Gospel reading, Eucharist, opening procession

Visual-Chancel

Episcopalian Church