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THE LEAGUE of NATIONS

THE LEAGUE of NATIONS. The League of Nations tried to influence:. How was the League organised ?. The Assembly Met once a year One nation, one vote Decisions had to be unanimous. Council Met regularly to deal with incidents 4 permanent members (Britain, France, Japan, Italy)

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THE LEAGUE of NATIONS

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  1. THE LEAGUE of NATIONS

  2. The League of Nations tried to influence:

  3. How was the League organised ? The Assembly Met once a year One nation, one vote Decisions had to be unanimous Council Met regularly to deal with incidents 4 permanent members (Britain, France, Japan, Italy) 4-11 non permanent members Secretariat Did the paperwork of the League Prepared reports Civil Service Commissions Mandates Refugees Slavery Health International Labour Organisation Court of International Justice Based in The Hague Settled disputes in international law 15 judges

  4. A. The Covenant of the League • 1 This was the constitution of the League • 2 It had 26 articles and the most important were: • a. arms reduction and the control of armsmanufacturing; • b. the duty of the League was to prevent war; • c. the duty of the member-states to take any disputes to the League for a decision— • ARBITRATION

  5. d. Once a decision had been given there must be no resort to war for three months; • e. If war broke out the League would call on members to apply economic sanctions-to stop trading with the aggressor nation; EMBARGO • f. economic sanctions did not end the fighting the League would order military action to be taken. • g. Membership: any fully self-governing state, dominion, or colony. Some left and one was kicked out.

  6. Mandate System: pg. 15 Falk • 1st. The Class A mandates (formerly controlled by the Ottomans and they were close to independence: • Iraq (United Kingdom) • Lebanon (France) • Palestine, including Transjordan (United Kingdom) • Syria (France) • By 1949 all of these mandates had been replaced by new governments.

  7. Mandates in Western Asia and Africa, which included: 1.Syria 2.Lebanon 3.Palestine 4.Transjordan 5. Mesopotamia 6. British Togoland7. French Togoland 8.British Cameroons 9.French Cameroun 10. Ruanda-Urundi 11. Tanganyika 12. South West Africa

  8. Mandates in the Pacific. 1.South Pacific Mandate 2.Territory of New Guinea 3.Nauru 4.Western Samoa

  9. 2nd. Class B Mandates: needed a little more control. French Cameroun and British Cameroons (France and the United Kingdom) • Ruanda/Rwanda-Urundi (Belgium) • Tanganyika (United Kingdom) • British Togoland and French Togoland (United Kingdom and France) Not testable, but interesting

  10. • Nauru (Australia) • New Guinea (Australia) • South Pacific Mandate (Japan) • Samoa (New Zealand) • South-West Africa (South Africa)

  11. Certain key nations did not join (e.g. USA) – others left (Germany, 1933; Russia joined in 1934, left 1939; Japan left 1932/3; Italy left 1936) No permanent military force Economic sanctions did not work Failed to achieve disarmament of all nations in the 1930s (one of the 4 principal aims of the League) Decision-making was slow because both Assembly and Council required unanimous votes to take action – sometimes aggressive countries had already been successful before the League got round to action Certain key members of the Council could veto action (e.g. Italy (1935-6) and Japan (1931-2) Neither Britain nor France gave the League their full support - they were more worried about their own empires and trade, particularly during the World Economic Crisis, 1929-35 Weaknesses of the League…

  12. Work of the League’s commissions – particularly refugees, drug trafficking, slavery etc International Labour Organisation – campaigning for improved working and pay conditions Border disputes in Upper Silesia in 1921 Aaland Islands dispute, 1921 Greek invasion of Bulgaria in 1925 Vilna dispute in 1920 Greek-Turkish war 1920-22 The French and Belgian invasion of the Ruhr in 1923 The Corfu incident in 1923 Failure of disarmament efforts in the 1920s – Washington Naval Treaty (1922), failure to have an international conference on disarmament until 1933 Failure of self-determination in the Treaties Successes & failuresin the 1920s

  13. Successes & failuresin the 1920s • Supervised peace and disarmament negotiations • 1921 Washington Treaty Conference • 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact • See below

  14. Important Treaties • 1. The Lacarno Pact – series of treaties a) Britain, France, Belgium, Italy, and Germany agreed to guarantee existing frontiers and demilitarize the Rhineland. b) France, Germany, and Belgium agreed to not make war. Brits guaranteed frontiers in Europe. Security in the West, but not in the East. • 2. Kellogg-Briand Pact – A declaration of policy of 15 nations—simply denounced war as a method of solving problems. • 3. Washington Conference-naval disarmament 1922—USA, Britain, France, Japan, and Italy. Agreed they would not build any more battleships for ten years, naval tonnage would be reduced • Froze # of capitalships (a warship of the largest class, such as a battleship, or aircraft carrier) for a period of 10 years at a ratio of 5 each for USA and Britain, but 3 for Japan, and 1.75 for Italy and France. • Young Plan and Dawes Plan are important to study.

  15. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MaDeB84WNjA

  16. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OlPCZ_9T490

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