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Solutions and Concentrations

Solutions and Concentrations. Water: The Universal Solvent. How Does a Solution Form?. Solvent molecules attracted to surface ions. Each ion is surrounded by solvent molecules. Ionic solid dissolving in water.

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Solutions and Concentrations

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  1. Solutions and Concentrations Water: The Universal Solvent

  2. How Does a Solution Form? • Solvent molecules attracted to surface ions. • Each ion is surrounded by solvent molecules. Ionic solid dissolving in water

  3. Demonstrates the amount of solute able to be dissolved in a solvent at a given temperature. Most solutes increase in solubility as temperature increases; gasesare the exception – as temperature increases, solubility decreases Solubility Curve

  4. Temperature Generally, the solubility of solid solutes in liquid solvents increases with increasing temperature.

  5. Temperature • The opposite is true of gases. Higher temperature drives gases out of solution. • Carbonated soft drinks are more “bubbly” if stored in the refrigerator. • Warm lakes have less O2 dissolved in them than cool lakes.

  6. Solubility - The ability of a solute to dissolve in a solvent Ways to increase solubility 1-shake 2-stir 3-increase temperature 4-break solute into smaller pieces (if solid) Solubility of a Solution

  7. Parts of a Solution • Solute – the substance being dissolved in a solution • Solvent – the substance to which the solute is added • Water – the universal solvent – most common solvent used for solutions

  8. Homogeneous – uniform throughout; no unsettled particles solutions tea koolaid saltwater Heterogeneous – not uniform throughout; particles that settle out suspensions muddy water salad dressings colloids mayonnaise fog Types of Mixtures

  9. Saturated Maximum amount of solute is dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature Concentration of Solutions

  10. Unsaturated -The Oceans Supersaturated -Fudge Less than the maximum amount of solute is dissolved into the solvent More than the maximum amount of solute is dissolved than is normally possible at a given temperature. Concentration of Solutions

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