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Sedimentary Rock

Sedimentary Rock. Sedimentary Rock. Sedimentary rock is created when existing rock breaks down into sediments , and then the sediments are recombined by compaction and cementation. Sedimentary Rock. Sediments are created by three forces: Weathering Erosion Deposition. Weathering.

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Sedimentary Rock

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  1. Sedimentary Rock

  2. Sedimentary Rock • Sedimentary rock is created when existing rock breaks down into sediments, and then the sediments are recombined by compaction and cementation

  3. Sedimentary Rock • Sediments are created by three forces: • Weathering • Erosion • Deposition

  4. Weathering • Weathering is any process that breaks down rock. • There are two types of weathering • Chemical weathering • Mechanical weathering

  5. Chemical Weathering • Chemical Weathering is the transformation of rock into one or more new compounds • Water is the most important agent of chemical weathering

  6. Mechanical Weathering • Mechanical weathering occurs when physical forces break rock into smaller and smaller pieces without changing its composition

  7. Mechanical Weathering • Three forces account for the majority of mechanical weathering: • Frost wedging • Unloading • Biological Activity

  8. Frost Wedging • When liquids freeze they expand, causing rock to break apart.

  9. Unloading • Unloading occurs when pressure is removed from a rock body causing it to expand and break

  10. Biological Activity • The activities of plants and animals can cause rock to break apart • For example tree roots can break through rock layers, or borrowing animals creating holes in rock.

  11. Erosion • Erosion is the removal of rock and its movement by water, wind, ice, or gravity.

  12. Deposition • When water, wind, ice or gravity loses energy the sediments are released and deposited in a new area. • Sediments are deposited according to size, with larger sediments being released first

  13. Sedimentary Rock • Compaction and cementation are the two processes that change sediment into sedimentary rock.

  14. Compaction • Compaction is a process that squeezes, or compacts sediments

  15. Cementation • Cementation takes place when dissolved minerals are deposited in tiny spaces among the sediments. • These minerals hold the sedimentary rocks together

  16. Classification of Sedimentary Rock • Sedimentary rocks like igneous rock can be classified into two groups based on how the form: • Clastic Sedimentary Rock • Chemical Sedimentary Rock

  17. Clastic Sedimentary Rock • Clastic Sedimentary Rocks are created when weathered bits of rocks or minerals are cemented together

  18. Chemical and Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks • Chemical Sedimentary rocks are created when dissolved minerals precipitate from water solutions • Biochemical Sedimentary rocks are created when living or once living materials are cemented together

  19. Features of Sedimentary Rock • Sedimentary rock can have unique features that can help us interpret the history of the Earth. • Some Features include: • Ripples • Mud Cracks • Fossils

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