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Thursday, September 20 th

Thursday, September 20 th. QUIZ TODAY!!! Atoms, Ions, Isotopes, pH, Water Properties, Bonding. Look over your notes!!. Thursday, September 20 th. Do Now: Identify the “building blocks” in the structures below. C. A. B. Macromolecules. Organic Compounds.

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Thursday, September 20 th

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  1. Thursday, September 20th QUIZ TODAY!!! Atoms, Ions, Isotopes, pH, Water Properties, Bonding Look over your notes!!

  2. Thursday, September 20th Do Now: Identify the “building blocks” in the structures below. C A B

  3. Macromolecules

  4. Organic Compounds • Compoundsthat containCARBONare calledorganic. • This is different from organic foods in the grocery store. Compounds that do not contain CARBON are called inorganic.

  5. Practice Which compounds are considered organic? • CH4 • H2O • C6H12O6 • AgNO3

  6. More on Organic Compounds • May exist in different forms (isomers) • Same formula, different structure • Carbon backbone (skeleton) can be linear, cyclic, or branched • Contain “functional groups” • Held together by covalent bonds

  7. Isomers Carbon Backbone

  8. Functional Groups

  9. Carbon (C) • Carbon has 4 outer electrons • Carbon can form covalent bonds with as many as 4 other atoms (elements). • Usually with C, H, O or N. • Example:CH4(methane) Carbon Video

  10. Organic Compounds • Macromoleculesare largeorganic molecules. • Bio-moleculesare the macromolecules of life

  11. Macromolecules Video! • Large organic molecules. • Also called POLYMERS. (poly = many) • Made up of smaller “building blocks” called MONOMERS. (mono = one) • 4 Major Macromolecules/Bio-molecules: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic acids

  12. Friday, September 21st Get out your notes on macromolecules from yesterday! ALL make-up work and quizzes are due next Friday!! After next Friday, all zeros are permanent!! Quizzes should be made up before or after school. If you need another copy of something, look in the make-up work folder first, then fill out a pink form.

  13. Carbohydrates

  14. Carbohydrates • Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. • Building Block: monosaccharide Types of Carbs A. monosaccharide B. disaccharide C. polysaccharide

  15. glucose Carbohydrates Monosaccharide: one sugar unit aka: simple sugars Examples: glucose (C6H12O6) deoxyribose ribose Fructose Galactose

  16. glucose glucose Carbohydrates Disaccharide: two sugar units Examples: • Sucrose (glucose + fructose) • Lactose (glucose + galactose) • Maltose (glucose + glucose)

  17. glucose glucose glucose glucose cellulose glucose glucose glucose glucose Carbohydrates Polysaccharide: many sugar units Examples: starch (bread, potatoes) glycogen (beef muscle) cellulose (lettuce, corn)

  18. Carbohydrates • Starches: serves as plant energystorage (think potatoes) • Glucose monomers joined together, branched • Glycogen: serves as animal energy storage • Glucose monomers joined together, straight • Cellulose:structural component in plants • Cannot be broken down by humans

  19. Carbohydrates

  20. Functions of Carbohydrates • Broken down as a source of energy • Part of cell structure

  21. Test for Carbohydrates • Simple Sugars: Benedict’s Solution • Turns from blue to orange/yellow in simple sugar solutions • Starch: Iodine • Turns from brown to black in starch solutions

  22. Monday, September 24th Short quiz today over carbohydrates and characteristics of organic molecules!! All make-up work due Friday! If you turned in a pink request form, your work is on the front table.

  23. Proteins

  24. Proteins (Polypeptides) Monomer: Amino Acids Elements: Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Sulfur Linked together by many peptide bonds (polypeptide!) 20 Amino Acids! (your body makes 11)

  25. Proteins (Polypeptides) Amino Acids • Made of carbon bonded to a carboxyl group (-), an amine group (+), a hydrogen, and an R-group. • Variation between amino acids comes from different R-groups. R Group = Functional Group

  26. Amine Group Carboxyl Group

  27. Proteins (Polypeptides) • Six functions and examples of proteins: 1. Storage: albumin (egg white) 2. Transport: hemoglobin (blood) 3. Regulatory: hormones 4. Movement: muscles 5. Structural: membranes, hair, nails 6. Enzymes: cellular reactions

  28. Amino Acids (aa) aa1 aa2 aa3 aa4 aa5 aa6 Peptide Bonds Protein: Primary Structure Amino acidsbonded together by peptide bonds (straight chains)

  29. Protein Indicator Test • Biuret’s Test: • Turns purple in the presence of protein Protein solution Water (control)

  30. More on Enzymes…

  31. Wednesday, September 26th Blue Table of Contents: Chemistry Vocabulary* Basic Atomic Structure Worksheet and Atom Notes Periodic Table Atom Chart w/ neutral, ions, and isotopes Bonding and Water Notes pH Notes pH Lab and Worksheet* H2Olympics* Macromolecule Notes Enzyme Notes Macromolecule Worksheets* Macromolecule Lab* Fill in your table of contents and organize papers. ALL make-up and missing work due FRIDAY!!

  32. Today’s Agenda • Finish Enzyme Notes • Lipid and Nucleic Acid Notes • Begin Review LAB TOMORROW!! TEST FRIDAY!! ALL macromolecule worksheets due tomorrow!

  33. Lipids

  34. LIPIDS BUILDING BLOCK: FATTY ACIDS AND GLYCEROL ELEMENTS: C H O (NO RATIO but there will be more C’s and H’s)

  35. O C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 = H H-C----O H-C----O H-C----O H fatty acid glycerol FATTY ACID AND GLYCEROL

  36. Lipids • General term for compounds which are not soluble in water. (non-polar) • LIPIDS ARE SOLUBLE IN NONPOLAR SUBSTANCES----DO NOT DISSOLVE IN POLAR SUBSTANCES (ex: OIL/WATER) • Lipids are soluble in hydrophobic solvents. (phobic=fear, hydro=water)

  37. Examples of LIPIDS 1. Fats 2. Phospholipids 3. Oils 4. Waxes 5. Steroid/ Hormones 6. Triglycerides

  38. Lipids Six functions of lipids: 1. Long term energy storage 2. Protection against heat loss (insulation) 3. Protection against water loss 4. Chemical messengers (hormones) 5. Major component of membranes (phospholipids)

  39. O C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 = H H-C----O H-C----O H-C----O H O C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 = O C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH fatty acids = =CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 glycerol Lipids Triglycerides:composed of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids.

  40. O C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 = saturated O C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH = unsaturated =CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 Fatty Acids Video! There are two kinds of fatty acids (carbon chains) you may see on food labels: 1. Saturated fatty acids: no double bonds (bad) 2. Unsaturated fatty acids: double bonds (good) Solid fats! Liquid oils!

  41. Indicator Test Paper Bag Test Lipids leave a translucent stain

  42. Nucleic Acids

  43. Nucleic Acids Building Block: Nucleotides ELEMENTS: C H O N P

  44. Nucleic acids • Nucleotides include: phosphate group sugar DNA: deoxyribose RNA: ribose nitrogenous bases

  45. Phosphate Group O O=P-O O 5 CH2 O N Nitrogenous base C1 C4 Sugar (deoxyribose) C3 C2 Nucleotide

  46. Nucleic acids • Two types: a. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA- double helix) **stores genetic information** b. Ribonucleic acid (RNA-single strand) **builds proteins**

  47. 5 O 3 3 O P P 5 5 C O G 1 3 2 4 4 2 1 3 5 O P P T A 3 5 O O 5 P P 3 DNA - double helix

  48. Vocabulary Lipid Fatty acid Glycerol Glyceride Protein Amino acid Dipeptide Polypeptide Nucleic acid Nucleotide • Organic • Inorganic • Building block • Monomer • Polymer • Carbohydrate • Monosaccharide • Disaccharide • Polysaccharide

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