Agroforestry for Sustainable Rural Livelihood and Mitigating Climate Change

1. Agroforestry for Sustainable Rural Livelihood and Mitigating Climate Change POPULATION EXPLOSION WEATHER ABERRATION A K PATRA & P J MISHRAAll India Coordinated Project on Agroforestry, College of Forestry Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar – 751 003Mob: 9437313160; Email: alokpatra2000@yahoo.co.in

2. In the changing climate, we have two • ways to live: • One is to tolerate the conditions and • other one is to change them • In this context, while we are in the first • one, we need to pursue the second one

3. Paradigm shift in focus: • Years ago, focus was to support life by providing food, • fodder, timber, etc. • Now the focus is to save the life first and then support it • The existence of life is in danger due to pollution, climate • change, disease, loss of biodiversity, ……… ,conflicts • and so on

4. Paradigm shift in research approach from: • Agricultural/crop science to integrated and NRM based science, • farming systems • Disciplinary to inter-disciplinary • Single institution to multi-institutional partnership • Field and farm focus to the landscape coverage through AGROFORESTRY

5. Agroforestry – An old practice, • but a new science: • A multifunctional land use system. Woody Perennials Crops • A Specialized way of farming crops • and trees in various combinations AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS • on the landscape. • Enhance livelihoods and contribute Pastures Animals • to resolving climate change effects.

6. Agroforestry can be practiced on:

7. Agroforestry benefits: • Benefits from agriculture and forestry are limited • Benefits from Agroforestry are infinite … … • Food, fruits, feed, fodder, fuel, fiber, fertilizer, • favourable climate … ….

8. Benefits from agroforestry: • Reduces pressure on forest • Efficient recycling of nutrients through mining by deep- rooted trees • Better protection of ecological systems • Reduction of surface run-off, nutrient leaching and soil erosion • Improvement of microclimate, such as lowering of soil surface • temperature and reduction of evaporation of soil moisture through • mulching and shading • Increment of soil nutrients through addition and decomposition of • litter-fall

9. Benefits from agroforestry (cont.): • Improvement of soil structure through constant addition of organic • matter from decomposed litter • Increment in outputs of food, fuel wood, fodder, fertilizer and timber • Reduction in incidence of total crop failure • Increase in levels of farm incomes due to improved and sustained • productivity • Improvement in rural living standards from sustained employment and • higher incomes • Improvement in nutrition and health due to increased quality and • diversity of food outputs

10. Effects of climate change: • Ecological imbalance • Extreme climate variability • Increasing temperature • Limited food supply • Increased occurrence of pests and diseases • Rise in sea levels

11. Agroforestry for mitigating climate change: • Potential to limit carbon emissions and sequester carbon • Microclimate amelioration • Protection and stabilization of ecosystem • Soil and water conservation • Sustainable diversification of agricultural systems • Improvement in rain water efficiency • Interventions for drought mitigation

12. Agri-silvisystem (Acacia mangium - a fast growing NFT species + crops): • Acacia mangium, ht. 25-30 m, dbh 40-45 cm, 5-6 cft timber, Rs 3000/tree in10 years • Sesame, successfully grown up to 4 years of tree growth, yield recovery 80-85 %

13. Agri-silvi system (Acacia mangium/Gmelina arborea + arrowroot): Arrowroot, successfully grown from 5 to 8 years of tree growth, yield recovery 85%

14. Agri-silvi system (tree+ turmeric/ginger/colocassia): Turmeric/ginger, successfully grown with Acacia mangium/ Eucalyptus from 5 to 8 years of tree growth, yield recovery 85%

15. Agri-silvi system (Acacia mangium + Pineapple/Aloe vera): Aloe vera, successfully grown from 8 to 11 years, yield recovery 88% Pineapple, successfully grown from 8 to 11 years, yield recovery 85%

16. Agri-silvi system (Acacia mangium + Patchouli/Kalmegh): Patchouli or Kalmegh, grown from 7 to 10 years, yield recover 80%

17. Silvi-pastoral system: Hybrid Napier, successfully grown up to 4 years with 90% yield recovery & from 5 to 8 years with 80% yield recovery, then yield recovery reduced to 70% with Eucalyptus Guinea grass, successfully grown up to 4 years with 90% yield recovery & from 5 to 8 years with 75% yield recovery, then yield recovery reduced to 65% with Acacia mangium

18. Agri-horti-silvi system (Acacia mangium + Guava + Crops): Amorphophallus, successfully grown up to 8 years of tree growth, yield 75-80% Colocassia, successfully grown up to 8 years of tree growth, yield recovery 80-90%

19. Horti- silvi-pastoral system (Acacia mangium + Guava + Stylo/guinea): Stylo, successfully grown up to 6 years of tree growth, yield recovery 75-80 % Guinea, successfully grown up to 6 years of tree growth, yield recovery 80%

20. Multilayered agroforestry systems:

21. Coconut based agroforestry systems:

22. Homestead agroforestry systems: Paddy + Coconut + Eucalyptus + Banana + Colocassia + Seasonal vegetables Paddy + Coconut + Eucalyptus + Mango + Seasonal vegetables + Fish

24. THANK 'U'