Chapter 10: The Rise of Christianity

1. Chapter 10: The Rise of Christianity Make a web in your notes of any words, ideas, or events that come to mind.

2. Section 1: The First Christians Today we will describe the relationship between the Jews and the Romans. • During the 900s B.C., two great kings, David and Solomon, united the Israelites and created a kingdom called Israel. It’s capital was ______. • The kingdom soon split in two: Judah and Israel. • These kingdoms were taken over by _____________. • Israel was destroyed and its people scattered. • The Jews, the people of Judah, ________.

3. Section 1: The First Christians Today we will describe the relationship between the Jews and the Romans. • Create word boxes for the following vocabulary words: • Messiah • Disciple • Parable • Resurrection • Apostle • Salvation

4. Section 1: The First Christians Today we will describe the relationship between the Jews and the Romans. • In 63 B.C., the Romans took over Judah. • At first they ruled through _______. • In 6 A.D., Emperor Augustus turned Judah into a Roman province, called Judaea. • Instead of a Jewish king, it was ruled by a ____________. • The Jews argued among themselves about what to do about the Romans. • Some wanted to work with the Romans. • Many opposed Roman rule by closely following Jewish traditions. • Others turned their backs on the Romans, settling in isolated areas and _______.

5. Section 1: The First Christians Today we will describe the relationship between the Jews and the Romans. • Some Jews wanted to fight the Romans and take back control of their kingdom. • They were called Zealots. • In 66 A.D., they convinced many Jews to _____. • The rebellion was brutally crushed by the Romans. • Romans destroyed their temple and killed thousands of Jews. • The Jews rebelled again in 132 A.D. and were defeated. • This time they forced all the Jews to leave Jerusalem, and ________. • Jews spread out and found homes elsewhere, as far west as Spain and as far East as Asia. • Though they were scattered, they kept their faith by studying and following their _______.

6. Section 1: The First Christians Today we will describe the relationship between the Jews and the Romans. • Sketch a scene that shows the relationship between the Jews and the Romans. It can use dialogue, drawings, explanations, or pictures. • Be prepared to share!

7. Section 1: The First Christians Today we will describe the life and message of Jesus of Nazareth through illustration. • Many Jews hoped that God would send a messiah, or deliverer, to help them win their ________. • Many Jews expected the messiah to be a great king, like David, to reunite the Israelite kingdom. • Around 30 A.D., a Jew named Jesus left his home in Nazareth and began preaching throughout Judaea and Galilee. • He gathered a small group of ____ close followers, his disciples.

8. Section 1: The First Christians • Today we will describe the life and message of Jesus of Nazareth through illustration. • According to the Christian Bible, Jesus preached that God was coming soon to rule the world. • He urged people to turn away from their ______. • He told them it was important to love God and to love their neighbor. • He referred to God as his _____. • Jesus taught that a person had to love and forgive from the heart, and not just go through the motions of following _______.

9. Section 1: The First Christians • Today we will describe the life and message of Jesus of Nazareth through illustration. • Jesus used parables to present his message. These were stories about everyday events that expressed _____. • The parable of the Prodigal Son: A son took his money and left home, wasting it all and being selfish. When he ran out of money, his father welcomed him home again with open arms. • The parable of the Good Samaritan: A man is beaten by robbers. A priest and another religious man pass the injured man on the road. A Samaritan stopped to help him, treating his wounds and paying for him to stay at an inn. • What do you think the message of each parable was? • Choose one parable to sketch in your notes. Write the lesson of the parable underneath it.

10. Section 1: The First Christians • Today we will describe the life and message of Jesus of Nazareth through illustration. • Jesus and his message caused ____________________. • His followers told about miracles Jesus performed. • They said he was the messiah, sent to deliver the Jews. • Some rejected Jesus as a liar or troublemaker. • Roman rulers feared how powerful Jesus’ message was. • In 33 A.D., Jesus went to Jerusalem to celebrate Passover, an important Jewish holiday. • He celebrated the Last Supper with his 12 disciples. • Leaders in Jerusalem arrested Jesus and charged him with ____. • He was crucified, or __________.

11. Section 1: The First Christians • Today we will describe the life and message of Jesus of Nazareth through illustration. • After Jesus’ death, his followers claimed he had ________. • Many of his disciples claimed they saw him alive again. • They showed his empty tomb as proof. • The reports of Jesus’ resurrection, or rising from the dead, led to a new religion: ___________. • Jesus’ disciples spread his message around the Mediterranean to Jews and non-Jews. • Early Christians formed churches, or communities for worship and teaching. • They prayed, studied the Hebrew Bible, and shared a ritual meal like the Last Supper to _________. • Apostles traveled, spreading the word and building churches.

12. Section 1: The First Christians • Today we will describe the life and message of Jesus of Nazareth through illustration. • Christians taught that Jesus was the Son of God, who came to _____________ • By accepting Jesus and his teachings, people could gain salvation, or be saved from sin and ____________. • Like Jesus, after death they would be resurrected and join God in everlasting life. • Because of their faith in Jesus, Christians began to think of God as one entity made up of three parts: the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. • This idea, called the Trinity, comes from a word meaning _______.

13. Section 1: The First Christians • Today we will describe the life and message of Jesus of Nazareth through illustration. • Create a cartoon strip of the life and message of Jesus of Nazareth. • Use captions or dialogue to convey the important messages and events. • Please be respectful and appropriate in your cartoon. • Be prepared to share!

14. Section 2: The Christian Church Today we will describe the spread of Christianity by choosing the 3 most important factors in its growth. • During the 100 years after Jesus’ death, Christianity ___________. • The peace and order created by the Roman Empire let people _____. • Christians used Roman roads to carry their message from city to city. • Since most of the Roman empire spoke Latin or Greek, Christians could talk to them directly. • Jesus’ message appealed to people. • It gave their life meaning. • It offered hope and comfort to the poor and powerless _________ • The idea of happiness after death was a familiar idea. • Christianity gave people a caring community to belong to.

15. Section 2: The Christian Church Today we will describe the spread of Christianity by choosing the 3 most important factors in its growth. • Roman officials began to see Christians as a _______. • People could worship freely, but had to honor the emperor __________. • Christians and Jews believed in one god, and refused to do this. • They refused to serve in the army or hold public office. • They criticized Roman festivals and games • So Christians were seen as traitors who ______________.

16. Section 2: The Christian Church Today we will describe the spread of Christianity by choosing the 3 most important factors in its growth. • In 64 A.D., the Roman government began to persecute Christians. • Nero accused the Christians of starting a fire ________. • Christianity was made illegal, and many Christians were killed. • Many Christians became martyrs, people willing to die for their beliefs. • Christians wanted to bury their dead, instead of cremating them, or _________. • They had to bury them outside Rome in catacombs, underground burial places. • Despite the hardships, Christianity spread. • It drew people from all classes. • After 250 AD, many people were tired of war. They began to _______.

17. Section 2: The Christian Church Today we will describe the spread of Christianity by choosing the 3 most important factors in its growth. • In the early 300s A.D., the emperor Diocletian carried out a great persecution of Christians. • It failed, and Roman officials realized Christianity was _______. • In 312 A.D., emperor Constantine converted to Christianity. • In 313 A.D., he issued the Edict of Milan. • It gave religious freedom to all people, and made Christianity ____. • With the help of his mother, he rebuilt churches in Rome and Jerusalem. • He let church officials serve in government and _______. • In 392 A.D., emperor Theodosius made Christianity the ______.

18. Section 2: The Christian Church Today we will describe the spread of Christianity by choosing the 3 most important factors in its growth. • Choose the 3 most important factors in the growth and spread of Christianity. • Number them 1 to 3, with 1 being the most important factor. • Be prepared to share.

19. Section 2: The Christian Church Today we will illustrate the hierarchy of the early church. • In its early years ,Christianity was ____________. • The disciples traveled and preached, teaching people they were all part of one body, called the church. • It was a challenge to ________. • Early Christians looked at the Roman Empire as a model to organize the church. • The church came to be ruled by a hierarchy, or an organization with different levels of ______.

20. Section 2: The Christian Church Today we will illustrate the hierarchy of the early church. • The laity were regular church members. • The clergy were __________. • Women were not allowed to serve as clergy, but they did have jobs as laity, like taking care of the sick and poor. • By 300 A.D., churches were led by clergy called priests. • Several churches together formed a diocese, led by a bishop. • A bishop in charge of an entire region was called an archbishop. • The 5 leading archbishops were called patriarchs. • They had churches in large cities and were in charge of ________. • The bishops explained Christian beliefs, took care of church business, and met to discuss ______________. • Decisions made at these meetings were accepted as doctrine, or ___.

21. Section 2: The Christian Church Today we will illustrate the hierarchy of the early church. • In addition to explaining Christian ideas, church leaders preserved a written record of ____________. • Jesus himself left no writings, but his followers _______. • By 300 A.D., four accounts of Jesus’ life, teachings, and resurrection had become well-known. • They were written by Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. • Each work was called a gospel, which means “_______.” • Christians later combined the four gospels with writings of Paul and other early Christian leaders to form the New Testament of the Christian Bible.

22. Section 2: The Christian Church Today we will illustrate the hierarchy of the early church. • As the church grew, the bishop of Rome, who was also the patriarch of the West, began to _________ • He believed he had the authority of Peter, Jesus’ leading disciple. • His diocese was in Rome, the capital of the Empire. • By 600 A.D., the bishop of Rome was called pope, a Latin title meaning “________.” • Latin-speaking Christians accepted the pope as the head of the church. Their churches became known as __________. • Greek-speaking Christians did not yet accept the pope’s authority.

23. Section 2: The Christian Church Today we will illustrate the hierarchy of the early church. • Draw the graphic organizer in your notes. Next to each level, write a brief description of what that group is responsible for.

24. Section 2: The Christian Church • Today we will describe the factors leading to the split between the Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox Churches. • Recall: In 395 A.D., the Roman Empire split into the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire • The church of Rome survived the fall of the Western Roman Empire. • The pope, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church, became the ___________. • In the East, the Roman Empire continued through the Byzantine Empire. • Like the Catholics in the West, the Byzantines developed their own form of Christianity based on ___________. • The church was known as the Eastern Orthodox Church

25. Section 2: The Christian Church • Today we will describe the factors leading to the split between the Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox Churches. • Church and state worked together closely in the Byzantine Empire. • Byzantines believed their emperor represented _______. • The emperor was crowned in a religious ceremony. • The emperor chose the patriarch of Constantinople, the leader of the Byzantine Church. • The emperor controlled _______ and ________! • Byzantines believed God wanted them to _________. • All Church and government officials were united in this goal.

26. Section 2: The Christian Church • Today we will describe the factors leading to the split between the Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox Churches. • Byzantines—from the emperor down to the poorest farmers—were interested in religious issues and loved to __________. • In the 700s A.D., there was a major disagreement about the use of icons. • Icons are images of Jesus, Mary, and the saints. Many Byzantines honored icons, covering the walls of their home and churches with them. • Some icons were believed to ___________. • Some people said icons were a form of idol worship. • Others said they were daily reminders of God’s presence and a _____________

27. Section 2: The Christian Church • Today we will describe the factors leading to the split between the Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox Churches. • Emperor Leo III did not approve of icons. In 726 A.D. he ordered all icons be ________. • The government officials who carried out his orders were known as iconoclasts, or “image breakers.” • Most Byzantine church leaders and even the pope in Rome opposed Leo’s order. • His order damaged the relationship between ________. • Over the next 100 years, the argument cooled and icons were accepted in the Byzantine Empire again. • They are still an important part of Greek Orthodox Christianity today.

28. Section 2: The Christian Church • Today we will describe the factors leading to the split between the Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox Churches. • Icons weren’t the only thing Rome and Constantinople argued about. They disagreed about ____________. • The pope claimed he was the head of all Christian churches. The Byzantines believed the patriarch and other bishops were _____________. • Sometimes the churches refused to help each other when they were attacked by outsiders. • In the 700s A.D., the emperor refused to help the pope when Italy was invaded. • The pope turned to a Germanic tribe called the Franks, who were Roman Catholics loyal to the pope, for help.

29. Section 2: The Christian Church • Today we will describe the factors leading to the split between the Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox Churches. • The pope was grateful to the Franks for stopping the invasion, so in 800 A.D., he gave the Frankish king Charlemagne, ____. • The Byzantines were outraged because they believed the Byzantine emperor was the only true Roman emperor. • After centuries of tension, the pope and the patriarch of Constantinople ___________. • In 1054 A.D., they excommunicated each other from the church. • To excommunicate means to declare that someone no longer belongs to the church. • This began a schism, or a split, between the 2 most important branches of Christianity. • The split between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches has lasted to this day!

30. Section 2: The Christian Church • Today we will describe the factors leading to the split between the Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox Churches. • The Roman Catholics and Byzantines disagreed about many things. • Choose to be either a the pope or the patriarch of Constantinople, and write a letter to the head of the other church explaining the 3 main reasons you are excommunicating him. • Be prepared to share!

31. Section 2: The Christian Church • Today we will describe how early Christian ideas spread. • After the fall of Rome, the people of Western Europe faced confusion and _______. • As a result, people were looking for order and _______. • Christianity helped meet this need. It spread quickly to lands that had been part of the Roman Empire.  • It also brought new ways of ________to these areas.

32. Section 2: The Christian Church • Today we will describe how early Christian ideas spread. • During the 300s AD, a new kind of religious group was born in the Eastern Roman Empire. • Men called monks formed religious communities called monasteries. • Some monasteries were built near cities, others were in _______. • Monks tried to live a spiritual life apart from the temptations of the world. • Many also tried to do good deeds and be examples of ____. • Women soon followed monks' example and ________. • As nuns, they lived together in convents.

33. Section 2: The Christian Church • Today we will describe how early Christian ideas spread. • A bishop called Basil drew up a list of rules for monks and nuns to follow.  • The list, called the Basilian Rule, became the model for Eastern Orthodox religious life.  • In the West, another set of rules was followed. It was written by an Italian monk named Benedict. • Monks who followed the Benedictine Rule gave up their belongings, lived simply, and spent their time in ________. • Like Basil's rule in the east, Benedict's rule became the model for monasteries and convents in the West. • Monks and nuns began to play important roles in Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox life.  • They ran hospitals and schools and aided the poor.  • They helped preserve Greek and Roman _____. • They served as missionaries, teaching __________.

34. Section 2: The Christian Church • Today we will describe how early Christian ideas spread. • The Greek brothers Cyril and Methodius were two of the most successful Byzantine missionaries.  • They carried the message of Christianity to the Slavs in Eastern Europe. • About 863 A.D., Cyril invented a new ____. • He wanted to present the Christian message in the Slavic languages. • He thought people would understand it better if they could worship and read the Bible _______.

35. Section 2: The Christian Church • Today we will describe how early Christian ideas spread. • In the West, Christian missionaries traveled to Britain and Ireland.  • In the 400s A.D., a priest named Patrick brought Christianity to Ireland. He set up many monasteries and __. • Over the next centuries, Irish monks played an important role in preserving Christian and Roman ______. • The Anglo-Saxons in Britain were slower to accept Christianity, but eventually Britain became an important ________.

36. Section 2: The Christian Church • Today we will describe how early Christian ideas spread. • Without using any words, draw a collage, illustration, or cartoon strip showing the spread of Christian ideas. • Be prepared to share!