Tasks for today ’ s lesson

1. Tasks for today’s lesson • Chapter 17 英汉被动句的翻译(Translation of Passive Sentences) • Check Exercise 17

2. Chapter 17 • Chapter 17 英汉被动句的翻译(Translation of Passive Sentences)

3. 各简单句不同时态和体的被动语态句式如下： • He is asked to make a contribution to the insurance scheme.(一般现在时) • He was asked to... (一般过去时) • He will be asked to... (一般将来时) • He would be asked to... (过去将来时) • He is being asked to... (现在进行式) • He was being asked to... (过去进行式) • He has been asked to... (现在完成式) • He had been asked to... (过去完成式) • He will have been asked to... (将来完成式) • He would have been asked to... (过去将来完成式)

4. 17.1 英语被动句的翻译 • 17.1.1 英语被动句译成汉语被动句 • 汉语被动句除了使用“被”这个词之外，还使用其他一些词语，如“受”、“遭”、“挨”、“给”、“让”、“叫”、“由”、“获”、“使”、“把”、“得到”、“受到”、“遭到”、“予以”、“加以”、“经过”、“为……所”等等。

5. 17.1 英语被动句的翻译 • They are deprived of their rights. • 他们被剥夺了权利。 • Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield. • 我们随时都会被出入机场的敌机发现。 • If the scheme is approved, work on the project will start immediately. • 如果方案被批准了，工程将即刻动工。 • At the end of the month he was fired for incompetence. • 由于能力太差,月底他就被解雇了。

6. 17.1 英语被动句的翻译 • How long will it be before black and white television sets are found only in museums? • 还要过多久黑白电视机才会成为博物馆的陈列品呢？ • The dictionaries have been affected with damp. • 这些字典受潮了。 • The town was destroyed by an earthquake. • 这座城镇在一次地震中受到了严重破坏。 • He was carefully nursed by Carrie’s mother. • 他受到嘉莉母亲的细心护理。

7. 17.1 英语被动句的翻译 • He was set upon by two masked men. • 他遭到两个蒙面人的袭击。 • Last year the region was visited by the worst drought in 100 years. • 去年这个地区遭受了100··年来最严重的旱灾。 • A lot of houses were damaged in the earthquake. • 许多房屋在地震中遭到了破坏。

8. 17.1 英语被动句的翻译 • This time he was tipped over by his buddies. • 这次他挨了哥儿们一顿揍。 • The little boy was criticized three times last week. • 这个小男孩上周挨了三次批评。 • I started to explain that I could not do my best since my spectacles had been taken away from me, but she wouldn’t let me finish. • 我开始解释说，我不可能干得最好，因为我的眼镜已给拿走了，但她不准我讲完。 • All the money I had saved was stolen. • 我所有的积蓄都给偷走了。

9. 17.1 英语被动句的翻译 • The crops were washed away by the flood. • 庄稼让洪水冲毁了。 • She was caught in the downpour. • 她叫暴雨淋着了。 • Early fires on the earth were certainly caused by nature, not by man. • 地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然引燃的，而不是人类所为。 • The three machines can be controlled by a single operator. • 这三台机器可以由一人单独操纵。

10. 17.1 英语被动句的翻译 • He was released immediately after Batisth escaped Cuba. • 在巴蒂斯塔逃离古巴后，他马上获释。 • The application of computers should be paid enough attention to. • 计算机的应用应予以足够的重视。 • It must be dealt with at the appropriate time with appropriate means. • 这种事情必须在适当的时候用适当的手段予以处理。

11. 17.1 英语被动句的翻译 • Population growth can be controlled if we make up our mind. • 如果下定决心，人口增长是能够加以控制的。 • o separate iron from the impurities the iron ores must be melted. • 为了使铁跟杂质分离，铁矿石必须经过冶炼。 • I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card. • 我为这些话所深深感动，后来我就把它们写在圣诞贺卡上。

12. 17.1 英语被动句的翻译 • All the buildings were destroyed by a big fire. • 所有建筑物均为大火所焚毁。 • This new theory has now been adopted by many scientists who are searching for life in outer space. • 这一新理论现在已为许多寻找外层空间生命的科学家所采纳。 • But one hundred years later, the Negro is still not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. • 然而100年过去了，黑人依旧没有获得自由，100年过去了，黑人的生活仍然很悲惨，为种族隔离的镣铐和种族歧视的锁链所摧残。

13. 17.1 英语被动句的翻译 • 17.1.2 英语被动句译成汉语主动句 • Our plan has been approved by the president of our university. • 校长批准了我们的计划。 • Large quantities of steam are required by modern industry. • 现代工业需要大量蒸汽。 • A new way of displaying time has been given by electronics. • 电子技术提供了一种新的显示时间的方法。

14. 17.1 英语被动句的翻译 • By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of over 200 Belgian and French lives. • 大战结束的时候，这个组织拯救了800人，但那是以200多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。 • The news was passed on by word of mouth. • 众口相传就把这则新闻传开了。 • To explore the moon’s surface, rockets were launched again and again. • 为了探测月球的表层，人们一次又一次地发射火箭。

15. 17.1 英语被动句的翻译 • Mr. Billings cannot be deterred from his plan. • 人们不能阻止比林斯先生实行他的计划。 • Copper articles have been used for several thousand years. • 人们使用铜器已有数千年了。 • The workers were seen repairing the machine. • 有人看见工人们在修理机器。 • The lecture is considered very important for beginners. • 大家认为这讲座对初学者很重要。

16. 17.1 英语被动句的翻译 • Rivers are controlled by dams. • 拦河堤把河流控制住了。 • Other forms of energy can be changed to electric energy by generators. • 发电机能把其他形式的能转变为电能。 • He was regarded as a Republican by everyone, even though he had always thought of himself as an “Independent”. • 所有人都把他看做共和党人，尽管他一直认为自己是“无党派人士”。

17. 17.1 英语被动句的翻译 • The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire. • 大火使这家著名的旅馆几乎全部毁掉。 • We are kept strong and well by clean air. • 洁净的空气使我们身体健壮。 • Their friendship was turned to enmity through idle gossips. • 流言蜚语使他们之间的友谊变成了怨仇。

18. 17.1 英语被动句的翻译 • 17.1.3 英语被动句译为不带被动标志性词语但包含被动 • 许多汉语句子不带表被动意义的标志性词语，看上去好像是主动句，但实际上包含被动意义，这样的汉语句子的被动意义是通过其主谓成分表达的逻辑意义关系来确定的。

19. 17.1 英语被动句的翻译 • He was assassinated in a theater last night. • 他昨晚在一家剧院遇刺身亡。 • Roger, you are wanted on the phone. • 罗杰，你有电话。 • Solution to the problem was ultimately found. • 问题的解决方法终于找到了。 • His leg was broken in an accident. • 他的腿在一次事故中折断了。 • A new student is kept on probation for one semester. • 新学生要见习一个学期。

20. 17.1 英语被动句的翻译 • Most of the questions have been settled satisfactorily, and only a few questions of secondary importance remain to be discussed. • 多数问题已圆满解决，只剩下几个次要问题有待讨论。 • The Great Hall of the People was built in 1959. • 人民大会堂是在1959年建造的。 • Printing was introduced into Europe from China. • 印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。 • The first explosive in the world was made and used in China. • 世界上最早的炸药是在中国制造和使用的。

21. 17.1 英语被动句的翻译 • 17.1.4英语被动句的其他译法 • 17.1.4.1翻译成转换了主语的汉语句子 • 英语被动句翻译成汉语时，有时可以采用灵活的翻译法，即从原句中或从其深层概念里挑选一个适当的名词概念作为译句的主语，代替原句的主语。 • English is spoken in Britain, the U.S. and some other countries. • 讲英语的国家有英国、美国和其他一些国家。 • The findings of the court will be published on Wednesday. • 法庭将在星期三公布调查结果。

22. 17.1 英语被动句的翻译 • It’s crystal clear: what’s been schemed for in his plan is power rather than money. • 很清楚，他这个计划图谋的是权，而不是钱。 • My brother was taught shorthand by Mr. Green. • 我弟弟的速记是格林先生教的。 • Communications satellites are used for international living transmission throughout the world. • 全世界都将通信卫星用于国际实况转播。 • Many voices have been raised demanding the setting up of an Arab common market. • 许多人要求建立一个阿拉伯共同市场。

23. 17.1 英语被动句的翻译 • 17.1.4.2 译成汉语的无主句 • When the anthem had been played, the Congress began. • 奏完国歌后，大会开始。 • A telephone was fitted up in the pavilion. • 亭子里装了一部电话。 • Time can always be found to do things one wants to do. • 只要想干，总是可以找到时间的。 • The last time I went back to my hometown, a big power station was being built there. • 上次我回家时，那儿正在修建一座大发电站。

24. 17.1 英语被动句的翻译 • Many strange new means of transport have been developed in this century. • 在本世纪，发明了许多新奇的交通工具。 • Where can you be reached? • 在什么地方可以找到您？(请问您住在什么地方？) • It is suggested that each speaker is allowed five minutes. • 建议每位发言者讲话五分钟。 • The quality of the products must be guaranteed. • 必须确保产品质量。

25. 17.1 英语被动句的翻译 • 17.1.4.3 以It为形式主语的一些被动结构的翻译 • It is universally accepted that... (人们)普遍认为…… • It must be admitted that... 必须承认…… • It is generally agreed / recognized that... 人们通常认为 • It is announced (declared, claimed) that... 据称 • It is arranged that... 已经商定…… • It is sometimes asked that... 人们有时会问…… • It is asserted that... 有人主张…… • It is assumed that... 假定/ 假设…… • ... ...

26. 17.1 英语被动句的翻译 • 17.1.4.4 翻译成特殊结构的句子 • 一些含有by词组的英语被动句，可以译成“的字结构主语+是……”这样的句子。 • It was suggested by him. • 提出这个建议的是他。 • He was questioned by a policeman. • 盘问他的是一个警察。 • I was recommended by a teacher. • 推荐我的是一位老师。 • The letter was written by a secretary. • 写这封信的是一位秘书。

27. 17.2 汉语被动句的翻译 • 汉语的被动句译成英语时，并非只能译成被动句，有时也可以译成主动句。这是因为，英语除了使用被动语态表达被动的意思以外，还有别的表达法，如使用某些短语结构来表达被动意义。仔细观察被动语态英译汉的例句，作逆向思维，便可大致明白什么样的汉语句子可以译成英语被动句。

28. 17.2 汉语被动句的翻译 • 17.2.1 汉语被动句译成英语被动句 • 海外华侨现在不再被人轻视了。 • Overseas Chinese are no longer looked down upon. • 他被选为学生会主席。 • He was elected Chairman of the Students Union. • 窗户玻璃叫那个孩子打破了，他一定要挨骂的。 • The window pane was broken by the child; he will certainly be scolded.

29. 17.2 汉语被动句的翻译 • 17.2.2 汉语被动句译成形式上的英语主动句 • 这个是贫穷的地区，老师的工资经常被拖欠。 • This is a poor area. The teachers’ salaries are often in arrears. • 这男孩跟父亲争嘴，挨了一记耳光。 • The boy quarreled with his father and got a box on the ear. • 她家里干净整洁，样样东西都给放在适当的地方。 • Her home is clean and tidy. Everything in it has a place to go/is in its proper place.

30. 17.2 汉语被动句的翻译 • 这个年轻人应该受到惩罚。 • The young man deserves punishing. • 此谋杀案正在受到调查。 • The murder is now under investigation. • 老人在那个国家不受尊敬。 • The aged are not respectable in that country. • 这篇论文经得起推敲。 • The paper can stand criticizing. • 这些书由我夫人保管。 • These books were in the charge of my wife.

31. 17.2 汉语被动句的翻译 • 这个年轻人应该受到惩罚。 • The young man deserves punishing. • 此谋杀案正在受到调查。 • The murder is now under investigation. • 老人在那个国家不受尊敬。 • The aged are not respectable in that country. • 这篇论文经得起推敲。 • The paper can stand criticizing. • 这些书由我夫人保管。 • These books were in the charge of my wife.

32. 17.2 汉语被动句的翻译 • 他不愿受制于人。 • He is not willing to be under others’ control. • 他们遭到敌人的突然袭击。 • They ran into an unexpected attack from the enemy. • 这男孩正在被严加管教。 • The boy is under strict discipline. • 这座城市就这样被敌人征服了。 • Thus, the city fell to the enemy.

33. 17.2 汉语被动句的翻译 • 17.2.3 逻辑意义上的汉语被动句译为相应的逻辑意义上的英语被动句 • 他的戏剧不宜上演。 • His plays won’t act. • 会议于五点钟休会。 • The meeting adjourned at five o’clock. • 西红柿容易碰伤。 • Tomatoes bruise easily. • 这根腰带扣不上。 • This belt won’t buckle.

34. 17.2 汉语被动句的翻译 • 我的声音传不远。 • My voice does not carry well. • 搪瓷器皿容易弄干净。 • Enamel wares clean easily. • 这箱子关不拢。 • This box doesn’t close properly. • 这些苹果适于烹煮。 • These apples cook well. • 这种金属容易切削。 • This metal cuts easily.

35. 17.2 汉语被动句的翻译 • 这烟斗不大畅通。 • The pipe does not draw well. • 尼龙织物干得快。 • Nylon dries quickly. • 这料子染不好。 • This material does not dye well. • 这东西好吃。 • It eats well. • 潮湿的木头不着火。 • Damp wood will not fire.

36. 17.2 汉语被动句的翻译 • 这种麦子很好磨。 • This wheat grinds well. • 刹车不灵。 • The brake does not grip properly. • 这车很好驾驶。 • This car handles well. • 潮湿的衣服容易烫平。 • Damp clothes iron easily. • 蚊子在产卵时容易消灭。 • Mosquitoes kill easily when incubating.

37. 17.2 汉语被动句的翻译 • 这套公寓房间每月租金500元。 • The flat lets for 500 yuan a month. • 这火柴容易划燃。 • The match lights easily. • 这门锁不上。 • The door won’t lock. • 这头母牛出奶率高。 • The cow milks well. • 这些书容易包装。 • These books pack easily.

38. 17.2 汉语被动句的翻译 • 这些土豆容易削皮。 • These potatoes peel easily. • 成熟的苹果容易摘下来。 • Ripe apples pick easily. • 那出戏适宜上演。 • That drama will play. • 这首诗读来顺口。 • This poem reads well. • 他的声音录下来很好听。 • His voice records well.

39. 17.2 汉语被动句的翻译 • 这些诗很合韵律。 • The verses scan smoothly. • 那个剧本不适于拍电影。 • That play screens badly. • 他的新小说销路很好。 • His new novel is selling well. • 这窗关不上。 • The window won’t shut. • 有些木材容易劈开。 • Some kinds of wood split easily.

40. 17.2 汉语被动句的翻译 • 有些食物容易腐烂。 • Some kinds of food soon spoil. • 这麻布容易玷污。 • This linen cloth spots easily. • 白色衣服容易弄脏。 • White clothes stain easily. • 这潮湿的火柴擦不燃。 • The damp match won’t strike. • 这种纸一撕就破。 • This paper tears easily.

41. 17.2 汉语被动句的翻译 • 并非每个习语都能这样容易译出。 • Not every idiom translates with such ease. • 这布很耐洗。 • The cloth washes well. • 这种材料不经久耐用。 • This material won’t wear. • 这门打不开。 • The door won’t open. • 这屋子租不出去。 • The house won’t let.

42. 17.2 汉语被动句的翻译 • 并非每个习语都能这样容易译出。 • Not every idiom translates with such ease. • 这布很耐洗。 • The cloth washes well. • 这种材料不经久耐用。 • This material won’t wear. • 这门打不开。 • The door won’t open. • 这屋子租不出去。 • The house won’t let.

43. Homework: • Chapter 18 • Exercise 18