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NFS – Network File System

This document serves as a complete guide for the Network File System (NFS), originally designed by Sun Microsystems in 1985 for diskless clients. It covers essential topics such as setting up NFS servers and clients, utilizing automatic mounting techniques, and understanding NFS performance statistics through tools like `nfsstat`. The guide also touches on the evolution of NFS through its versions, from the limitations of Version 2 to the enhanced features in Versions 3 and 4, including security improvements and asynchronous writes.

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NFS – Network File System

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  1. NFS – Network File System WeeSan Lee <weesan@cs.ucr.edu> http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/

  2. Roadmap • Introduction • How to setup a NFS server? • How to setup a NFS client? • nfsstat • Automatic Mounting • Q&A

  3. Introduction • Created by Sun in 1985 • Was original designed for diskless clients • Version 2 is slow • Write operation is not complete until receiving ACK from the server • Version 3 permits async writes • Faster • Version 4 • Supports strong security, ACLs, unicode filenames, replication and migration, etc

  4. Introduction (cont) • Uses RPC • Remote Procedure Call – a system-independent way for process communication over a network • Could be UDP and TCP • Now, TCP is preferable

  5. How to setup a NFS server? Map root UID & GID to nobody • /etc/exports • $ cat /etc/exports • /home 10.0.0.0/24(rw,async,root_squash) • /home/ftp (noaccess) • /import 10.0.0.0/24(ro) • $ exportfs -a • /etc/hosts.allow • $ cat /etc/hosts.allow • portmap: 10.0.0.0/255.255.255.0 • mountd: 10.0.0.0/255.255.255.0

  6. How to setup a NFS server? (cont) • /etc/init.d/nfs {start|stop|restart|reload|status} • portmap • rpc.statd • nfsd • rpc.mountd • rpc.rquotad • Turns NFS on over reboot • $ chkconfig nfs on

  7. How to setup a NFS client? • /etc/init.d/portmap start • portmap • rpc.statd • Manual mount the NFS partitions • $ mount 10.0.0.1:/home /home • $ mount 10.0.0.1:/import /import • Mount the NFS partitions at boot time • $ cat /etc/fstab • 10.0.0.1:/home /home nfs defaults 0 0 • 10.0.0.1:/import /import nfs defaults 0 0 • $ mount -a

  8. How to setup a NFS client? (cont) • Experiment defaults with • soft,timeo=5 • hard,intr • To umount a NFS partition • $ umount /home • To show the NFS server's export list • $ showmount -e 10.0.0.1

  9. nfsstat • Displays stats. about NFS server and client • For server • $ nfsstat -s • For client • $ nfsstat -c

  10. Automatic Mouting • Mount filesystems on-demand • Originally comes from Sun • To start • $ /etc/init.d/autofs start • Master map file (/etc/auto.master) • Associates each mount point with a indirect map • $ cat /etc/auto.master • /misc /etc/auto.misc • /net -host

  11. Automatic Mouting (cont) • To automount /home & /import • Add the following lines into /etc/auto.master • /home /etc/auto.home • /import /etc/auto.import • $ cat /etc/auto.home • * -soft,timeo=5 10.0.0.1:/home/& • $cat /etc/auto.import • * -soft,timeo=5 10.0.0.1:/import/&

  12. Reference • LAH • Ch 16: The Network File System

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