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Indira Gandhi National Open University presents

Indira Gandhi National Open University presents. A Video Lecture Course: Computer Platforms. The von Neumann Architecture. The von Neumann Architecture. Objectives: To define the basic components of a Computer System. The von Neumann Architecture. Objectives:

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Indira Gandhi National Open University presents

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  1. Indira Gandhi National Open Universitypresents

  2. A Video LectureCourse:Computer Platforms

  3. The von Neumann Architecture

  4. The von Neumann Architecture Objectives: • To define the basic components of a Computer System

  5. The von Neumann Architecture Objectives: • To define the basic components of a Computer System • To define the functions of various components of computers

  6. The von Neumann Architecture Objectives: • To define the basic components of a Computer System • To define the functions of various components of computers • To define the basic hardware terminology

  7. What is a Computer? A general purpose programmable electronic machine, having two principal characteristics: • Responds to a specific set of coded instructions in a well-defined manner. • It can execute a pre-recorded list of instructions termed as Program

  8. What is an Instruction • An instruction is a binary coded command designed for a specific task such as: • Arithmetic and Logic Instructions • Looping and Decision making • Transfer of data • Transfer of Control

  9. Execution of an Instruction Involves: • Get the Instruction • Decode the Instruction • Get the Operands • Perform the desired operation • Communicate the results back

  10. Instruction Execution Instruction Codes Instruction Interpreter Control Signals Instruction Processor Data Results

  11. Need of Memory • Non-linear Programming Paradigm

  12. Need of Memory • Non-linear Programming Paradigm • An operation on data may require more than one data value in a predetermined sequence

  13. Need of Memory • Non-linear Programming Paradigm • An operation on data may require more than one data value in a predetermined sequence • Speed of Input vs the speed of Processing Unit

  14. Key Concepts of von Neumann Machine • Data and Instructions in a single read-write Memory

  15. Key Concepts of von Neumann Machine • The contents of the memory addressable by location irrespective of the type of data stored.

  16. Key Concepts of von Neumann Machine • Sequential execution of instruction unless explicitly modifies by an instruction

  17. General Computer Structure • Main Memory: For storing Data and Instruction • Central Processing Unit: Consisting of Arithmetic-Logic Unit(ALU), Control Unit(CU), and Operational Registers • Input and Output System: Operated by the Control Unit

  18. AC Arithmetic Logic Unit Arithmetic-Logic Circuits Input- Output System MBR ControlUnit Instructions and Data PC Instruction Instruction : Data Data : Address IR MAR Control Circuits Control Signals Main Memory

  19. AC Arithmetic-Logic Circuits MBR Instruction Instruction : Data Data : Main Memory AC Arithmetic Logic Unit Arithmetic-Logic Circuits Input- Output System MBR ControlUnit Instructions and Data PC Address IR MAR Control Circuits Control Signals

  20. Instruction Instruction : Data Data : Main Memory AC Arithmetic Logic Unit Arithmetic-Logic Circuits Input- Output System PC MBR IR MAR ControlUnit Instructions and Data PC Control Circuits Control Signals Address IR MAR Control Circuits Control Signals

  21. Opcode Address 0 3 4 15 Instruction Execution: An Example Instruction Format: Integer Format: S 0 1 15

  22. Example Opcodes • Load AC from Memory 0001 • Store AC to Memory 0010 • Add to AC from Memory 0101

  23. MEMORY CPU Registers 0011 0000 0000 0011 0000 0001 0011 0000 0010 1001 1000 0000 1001 1000 0001 0000 0000 0000 0010 0010 1001 1000 0001 0101 1001 1000 0001 0001 1001 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 Address Contents PC IR 0001 1001 1000 0000 0011 0000 0000 AC A typical Program statement Execution

  24. So what are the key terms: • The BInary digiT. BITs may be used for: • Representation of Opcode • Representation of Character data-ASCII (8bits), unicode (16 bits) • Representation of Numeric data in binary form • Integrated Circuits: For implementing electronics for data processing, storage and movement

  25. The Macro Terms • Byte, ASCII, Unicode • Word • ULSI • GSI • Microprocessors • BUS

  26. The basic components of computer • The concepts of von Neumann machine • Instruction execution with an example and the role played by various components in instruction execution • Some of the basic terminology relating to processors

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