INDIRA GANDHI

1. INDIRA GANDHI Done by: Jing Wen Cong Zhang Aolun Chen Caijie Wong Pinjia

2. Agenda • Definition of good leader • Background information on Indira Gandhi • Road to power/politics • Prime minister era • Fall from power • Qualities + leadership style • Judge of great / good leader

3. Definition of good leader A good leader should: • Motivate and inspire the team by creating a common goal and promoting teamwork / cooperation • Honor and recognize the greatness and uniqueness in others and consult others’ opinion (empathy) • Have moral principles by not indulging in personal benefits, or being driven by greed

4. Definition of good leader • Provide hope in the darkest of times, and make the team believe in one another’s ability to brave through the storm • Enthusiastic and confident in work; passionate and dedication • Have the foresight and vision to bring about greater growth to country

5. Background Information • Born on November 19, 1917 in a politically influential family • Became third prime minister of India for three consecutive terms • First and only female Indian Prime Minister • Longest serving female PM • Only Indian Prime Minister to have declared an emergency in order to 'rule by decree'

6. Background Information • Only Indian Prime Minister to have been imprisoned • Joined the Indian National Congress Party • Improved relations with other countries • Promoted science and technology • First satellite into space in 1971 • Led India to become one of the fastest growing economies

7. Road to power and politics • Started from 12 – Leader of Monkey Brigade (help end British control in India) • 1941, became involved in the Indian Independence movement • 1950s, served her father unofficially as a personal assistant during his time as first PM of India

8. Road to power and politics • After father's death in 1964, was appointed as a member of the Rajya Sabha (upper house) • became a member of Lal Bahadur Shastri's cabinet as Minister of Information and Broadcasting • After Shastri’s death, Indira Gandhi was elected to be PM due to the conception that she could be easily manipulated • However, she kept on to her title by extraordinary political skills

9. Prime Minister era • Supported Communism and socialism • Pakistan war India victorious under Indira Gandhi’s command; Freedom of East Pakistan • Green Revolution 1) Intense Agricultural District Program (IADP) which sought to increase crop yield and production 2) Food exporter For political support

10. Prime Minister Era • Eradicate poverty 1) vigorous policy in 1969 of land reform 2) placed a ceiling on personal income, private property, and corporate profits 2) Campaign theme for 2nd term • nationalized the major banks 1) provide the better banking infrastructure in rural areas 2) to make cheap finance available to farmers in India • Nuclear weapons program Started using nuclear power to establish India's stability and security interests To respond to China’s nuclear threat “Smiling Buddha”

11. Fall from power • Election corruptions (1) • 1971 Elections – used government machinery and officials for election purposes; excessive election expenditure • Theme : “Eradicate poverty” is fake and just for political support – 4% funds for poverty programs • State of emergency • Arrest opposition (which formed Janata party later)

12. Fall from power • Elections (2) • 1977 elections • Indira’s INCP opposed by Janata party • claimed the elections were the last chance for India to choose between "democracy and dictatorship” • INCP lost and both Indira and Sanjay Gandhi lost their seats in the Congress • Congress party was split • After election, Indira Gandhi found herself without work, income or residence • Quit parliament and was imprisoned

13. Regain power (third term) • Arrest of Indira Gandhi evoked sympathy • Once she was released, she started giving speeches apologizing for her mistake • Death of Jayaprakash Narayan broke apart the Janata party • Indira became PM again • In 1980 elections, Congress party had a landslide victory led by Indira Gandhi due to instability in Janata party

14. Fall from power yet again • Operation blue star • In July 1982, Sikh group occupied the Golden Temple • In June 1984, Indira Gandhi orders attack on Sikh's holiest site, Golden Temple to remove the Sikh separatists

15. Death • Assassination by bodyguards • Satwant Singh and Beant Singh assassinated her with their weapons • BeantSingh and Satwant Singh dropped their weapons and surrendered • Died on her way to hospital

16. Qualities • Highly talented and intellectual • managed to be enrolled into Oxford University, a top university in the world • showed extraordinary political skills when she first became the president of India • decreased Country’s poverty line from 65% to 45%

17. Qualities • Charismatic • Did not gain high popularity when she is first appointed the president, she soon gained • popularity after her first few rallies and decisions made. • First woman to be a Prime Minister • Just with a few speeches after her release from prison allowed her to regain trust of her supporters, leading to landslide victory

18. Qualities • Determined / daring • Cured of her periodic disease in her early years though it is a tough experience • Some of her decisions in the political field are hard to make yet she persisted on her own decisions, such as that of the war with Pakistan in 1971. • did not give up when she was being removed from her position and at a time, arrested, she returned to political field even when there are enemies and protestors around

19. Qualities • Tough and Shrewd • Did not give up easily and solves problems using force • Even after imprisonment, still wanted to regain status of PM of India • Eliminated opponents and narrowed competition (Janata party) • Example : call of forces she used against protestors during the Indian Currency Crisis

20. Qualities • Lack of moral values / deceitful • Electoral corruptions • Murdered thousands of innocent Sikhs • Deceived public by misuse of monetary funds • Everything she does is basically for political support

21. Leadership style • Task oriented • Did everything with an aim • Cheated In elections to hold on to power • Used theme: “eradicate poverty” to gain votes • Killed Sikhs to protect the golden temple

22. Analysis of Indira Gandhi as a good leader • Criteria : • 1) Moral integrity and values • 2) Empathetic and listening to others’ opinions

23. Is Indira Gandhi a good leader? • NO! • 1) She was not morally upright due to multiple cheats in elections, misuse of government machinery and files, improper usage of funds etc. • 2) She did not consult the opinions of others; did what she wanted and desired; although she cared for a lot of people, that was just for political support – hence, not listening or empathy • Example: Rule by decree where she wanted to set laws by herself

24. Analysis of Indira Gandhi as a great leader • Criteria: • 1) Motivating; charismatic and appealing • 2) Transformational; everlasting impacts

25. Is Indira Gandhi a great leader? • Yes! • 1) Her charisma appealed to a lot of Indian citizens, motivated Indians towards green revolution and using nuclear power, held India together during the first few years as PM • 2) brought about great transformation in India – • Nationalized banks, started using nuclear power, started improving science and technology, made India a food exporter etc.

26. Bibliography http://www.indianchild.com/indira_gandhi.htmhttp://www.knowindia.yolasite.com/facts-of-india/nationalization-of-banks-in-india- http://www.indiragandhi.com/ http://www.pocanticohills.org/womenenc/gandhi.html http://wap.indiaparenting.com/stories/greatindians/gi010.shtml http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/225198/Indira-Gandhi http://www.gloriousindia.com/biographies/indira_gandhi.html

27. Thank you 